1. Basic Parts of the Plant
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Flower

2. Roots 1. Anchor Plant 2. Absorb water and minerals
3. Translocate water and minerals to stem
4. Store Food

3. Stems 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves
2. Support the leaves and display them to light
3. Store Food

4. Leaves 1. Make food through photosynthesis
2. Provide site of gas exchange
3. Store food

5. Flowers 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production
2. Produce seeds and fruit

6. Different type of Roots
A. Tap Root
Continuation of the primary root
Ideal for anchorage
Penetration is greater for water
Storage area for food made by photosynthesis

7. Different type of Roots
B. Fibrous Roots
Many finely branched secondary roots
Shallow roots cover a large area
More effective absorption of water and minerals
Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion

8. Different type of Roots
C. Aerial roots
Clinging air roots
Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems
Roots that fasten the plant to a support
Absorptive air roots

9. Different type of Roots
Adventitious Roots
Develop in places other than nodes
Can form on cuttings and rhizomes

10. Roots
Root hairs:
Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots where vascular tissues have formed.
Increase surface area
Absorb water and minerals from soil

11. Specialized Stems A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus) underground
Solid, fleshy, scale covered

12. Specialized Stems B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)
Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other
Underground stem

13. Specialized Stems C. Tuber (potato, caladium) Food storage area
Short, thick underground stem

14. Specialized Stems D. Crown (African Violets, fern)
Closely grouped stems or plantlets
Just above ground or just below

15. Specialized Stems E. Spurs (pear and apple trees)
Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits

16. Specialized Stems F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley)
Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground

17. Specialized Stems G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant)
Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface

18. Principal Tissues of the Leaf
Epidermis
Cuticle
Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems
Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants

19. Principal Tissues of the Leaf
Epidermis (cont)
Stomata
Openings in the epidermis mainly located on underside of leaves
Exchange of gases

20. Principal Tissues of the Leaf
Epidermis (cont)
Guard Cells
Two cells located on each side of stomata
Open and closes stomata

21. Principal Tissues of the Leaf
Mesophyll layer
Palisade mesophyll
Primary site of photosynthesis
Spongy mesophyll
Contains air and chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange

22. Principal Tissues of the Leaf
Veins or vascular bundles
In spongy mesophyll
Phloem tissues conduct food from photosynthesis to rest of plant
Xylem tissues conduct water and minerals up to cells in leaves and stems

23. Parts of the Flower Sepals Outer covering of the flower bud
Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is in bud stage

24. Parts of the Flower Petals Brightly colored
Protects stamen and pistills
Attracts pollinating insects

25. Parts of the Flower Stamens Male Reproductive part
Anther-produces pollen
Filament-supports the anther

26. Parts of the Flower Pistil Female reproductive part Ovary
Enlarged portion at base of pistill
Produces ovules which develop into seeds
Stigma
Holds the pollen grains

27. Parts of the Flower Style Connects the stigma with ovary
Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated

28. Complete and Incomplete Flowers
Complete: have all four main parts
Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Pistils