1. NL Studies 2205
Ready? Let’s go!

2. Roots Of Our Culture
Chapter Two

3. Peopling the Land Beringia Land Bridge Siberia to Alaska Gone
Facilitated population distribution
Old World vs New World

4. Population Distribution
15th century Americas = 40 – 60 million people
World Population Clock
Mexico & Peru (Agrarian)
Aztec
Canada/US = hunter gatherer societies

5. Europe 80 – 100 million people (16th Century) Rural & Agrarian
Population expanded greatly
Began to look elsewhere for resources
Asia = largest & grandest cities (Peking)

6. Who Was In “This Place”
Paleo-Americans
Paleo-Eskimos
Thule
Norse

7. Paleo-Americans Descendents of the Beringia
The one site in North America outside of ancient Beringia commonly cited as having the best-dated evidence for human occupation in Pleistocene America is Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania.
The available data here suggest that small groups of generalized foragers occupied midcontinental North America before 14,000 years ago

8. Medowcroft Rockshelter

9. Paleo-Eskimos
The term "Palaeo-Eskimo" (palaeo=old) is used to refer to the peoples of the Arctic
In Newfoundland and Labrador, many archaeologists divide Palaeo-Eskimo prehistory into two major phases: the "Early Palaeo-Eskimo" phase, lasting from about 3800 years BP (Before Present) to about 2200 BP, and the "Late Palaeo-Eskimo" phase, running from about 2500 BP to sometime between 1000 BP and 500 BP.

11. The Thule
The Thule are the prehistoric ancestors of the Inuit who now live in northern Labrador.
Many archaeologists believe that around 1000 years ago, as the climate of the earth warmed, leads opened up in the ice of the Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf allowing these north Alaskan people to follow bowhead whales eastward in the summer.
The Thule culture, as archaeologists would call it, rapidly spread out across the Canadian Arctic and eventually to Greenland and Labrador.

12. The Thule Take 2
Members of the Thule culture developed a remarkable technology to deal with the Arctic. In a region where Europeans and their descendants have never been able to live without outside assistance, the Thule people flourished.
They were able to use the bones, teeth and skins of the animals they killed in order to hunt those same animals!

13. Reindeer Antler Goggles
Harpoon Blade from Bone
Ulu Knife
When hunting or travelling, the Thule built snow houses, popularly called "igloos".

14. Prehistoric Technologies
Maritime Archaic Toggling Harpoon
Maritime Archaic Needles
Dorset Soapstone Pots

15. Toggling Harpoons

16. Let’s look at how they made the pots on Page 98
Soapstone Pots
Let’s look at how they made the pots on Page 98