1. AIM: HOW DID GANDHI HELP INDIA OBTAIN ITS INDEPENDENCE?

2. “In matters of conscience, the law of majority has no place.“
“Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.” 
“In matters of conscience, the law of majority
has no place.“
Explain the meaning of these quotes.

3. I. INDIA’S INVOLVEMENT IN WWI
1. Indians supported Britain in WWI.
: When war was over India wanted to become independent and, Gandhi began to speak out against British rule.

4. II. AMRITSAR MASSACRE
1. Indian nationalists held a PEACEFUL PROTEST. British killed hundreds of protesters and imprisoned Gandhi.
2. Indians from all over joined the MOVEMENT FOR INDIAN INDEPENDENCE

5. III. INDIAN NATIONALISM
1. Mahatma Gandhi (“great soul”), preached POLICY of NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE/CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE/ PASSIVE RESISTANCE to British authority.
2. He and his followers used PROTESTS, BOYCOTTS OF IMPERIAL GOODS, AND STRIKES.
3. British attempted to make minor reforms but Indians were not satisfied.
4. Fighting between Hindus and Muslims also escalated.
5. Gandhi pleaded for INDIAN UNITY, while others demanded a DIVISION OF INDIA.

6. IV. GREAT SALT MARCH
1.NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE TO BRITISH AUTHORITY.
2.Britain imposed a HEAVY TAX on the SALT they sold to India.
3.Gandhi led 50,000 people on a 200 MILE MARCH to the SEASHORE.

7. 4.People began to make SALT ILLEGALLY by DRYING OUT SEAWATER.
5.When the British arrived, GANDHI ALLOWED HIMSELF TO BE ARRESTED PEACEFULLY.
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8. V. MOVEMENT FOR PEACE
1.GANDHI and JAWAHARLAL NEHRU pressed the British for greater reform.
British granted a CONSTITUTION.
Gandhi and Nehru began their QUIT INDIA CAMPAIGN.
India would obtain its INDEPENDENCE .
Gandhi was shot dead by a Hindu extremist NATHURAM GODSE .

12. VI. PROBLEMS AFTER INDEPENDENCE
a. India was divided into THIRDS: 1.India in the south and a Muslim state Pakistan into two parts (West Pakistan and East Pakistan) East Pakistan would become Bangladesh.
b. After partition, millions of people shifted to live where their RELIGION was DOMINANT. Hundreds of thousands of people were also killed.
c. Nations are still fighting today especially in KASHMIR . Both India and Pakistan are now NUCLEAR POWERS, making the area extremely dangerous.

13. VII. INDIAN LEADERSIP AFTER GANDHI
1. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU became the first PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA, and he led the country for 17 years.
2. His NEW NATION and PAKISTAN, however, quickly fell to war over the state of KASHMIR. It bordered both countries, with a HINDU RULER and LARGE MUSLIM POPULATION.
3. Conflict over this state continues today, Nehru tried to reform Indian society.

15. 4. Nehru hoped to improve the status of the lower castes and of women
4. Nehru hoped to improve the status of the lower castes and of women. Shortly after he died in 1964, his daughter, INDIRA GANDHI, became PRIME MINISTER. She took steps to INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION. In 1984, she ordered an attack on SIKH REBELS. A few months later, she was killed by Sikhs.