1. Module 6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System

2. Endocrine System One of the body’s two communication systems
A set of glands that produce hormones-- chemical messengers that circulate in the blood

3. Hormone
Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and circulated in the blood
Similar to neurotransmitters in that they are also messengers

4. Pituitary Gland
The endocrine system’s gland that, in conjunction with the brain, controls the other endocrine glands
Called the “master gland”
Located at the base of the brain and connects to the hypothalamus

5. Endocrine System – Pituitary Gland

6. Thyroid Gland
Endocrine gland that helps regulate the energy level in the body
Located in the neck

7. Adrenal Gland
Endocrine glands that help to arouse the body in times of stress
Located just above the kidneys
Release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

8. Endocrine System – Adrenal Gland

9. Pancreatic Gland Regulates the level of blood sugar in the blood.
Insulin helps combat the glucose (sugar) in the body.
When the Pancreas goes bad!
Diabetes
Hyperinsulinism

10. What is Diabetes
Your pancreas secretes insulin which helps combat glucose in the body.
So when you eat, your pancreas secretes a specific amount of insulin which helps break down the sugar in the body.
When there is too much insulin and not enough sugar, hypoglycemia
When there is too much glucose and not enough insulin, hyperglycemia.

11. Diabetes
So diabetics must take insulin when they eat. (Through shot or insulin pump)
And they must constantly monitor their blood sugar, by checking it daily.
The goal is to find a homeostasis between glucose and insulin.

12. Types
Type 1 Diabetes: effects over 2 million Americans. AKA Juvenile Diabetes because it is usually diagnosed in childhood years.
Type 2 Diabetes: A growing epidemic, caused by genetics, age, or bad life-style habits. This is the diabetes people are concerned about getting.

13. Hyperinsulinism Basically the opposite of diabetes.
Instead of not making insulin, your body makes too much insulin.
Which is probably worse than not making it at all.
So your body is constantly at risk for hypoglycemic seizures. Need constant glucose.

14. Sex Glands
Ovaries (females) and testes (males) are the glands that influence emotion and physical development.
Testosterone – primary males hormone
Estrogen – primary female hormone
Males and females have both estrogen and testosterone in their systems.