1. Respiration
Topic 10

2. Respiration Occurs continuously in ALL organisms
Release of stored energy from food → energy used by organism
Exchange of gases between organism and environment

3. Chemical Energy Stored in Food

4. Chemical Energy Stored in Food
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are broken down in the digestive system
These materials used for cell functions
Glucose makes energy in cells

5. Glucose → Cellular Respiration → Energy

6. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Form of energy used by cells
To release energy ATP is hydrolyzed

7. Reaction is reversible!
Equation #1:
ATP + H2O
ADP + P + ENERGY
Reaction is reversible!
ATP-ase

8. ATP

9. ATP

10. 2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic
Requires O2
Occurs in the Mitochondria
More efficient than anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic
No O2 required
Occurs in the Cytoplasm
Less efficient than aerobic respiration

11. Equation #2:
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + O2
H2O + CO2 + 36ATP

12. Aerobic Respiration Remember!!
Materials needed: Glucose and OXYGEN Products: Water, CO2 & ATP (ENERGY!)

13. Aerobic Respiration

14. 2 Types of Anaerobic Respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in
Yeast & Bacteria
Produces Ethyl Alcohol
Used in making bread and other foods
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in
Animal Cells
Produces Lactic Acid
Causes Muscle Fatigue

15. Alcoholic Fermentation
Equation #3:
Alcoholic Fermentation
C6H12O6
Ethyl Alcohol + CO2 + 2ATP

16. Lactic Acid Fermentation C6H12O6 Lactic Acid + CO2 + 2ATP
Equation #4:
Lactic Acid Fermentation C6H12O6 Lactic Acid + CO2 + 2ATP

17. Anaerobic Respiration
Materials needed:
Glucose
Products:
Lactic Acid or Ethyl Alcohol +
CO2 + 2ATP

18. Anaerobic Respiration

19. Adaptations for Gas Exchange
In Plants
Leaves have Stomata-
openings that allow for gas exchange

20. Adaptations for Gas Exchange
In Unicellular Organisms Gas Exchange by Diffusion Across the Cell Membrane

21. Adaptations for Gas Exchange
In Humans Gas Exchange occurs in the Lungs

23. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
Raw Materials:
CO2, H2O & Energy
Products:
C6H12O6 + O2
When:
Daytime only
Continuously
Where:
Leaves, Chloroplasts
Leaves, stems, roots, Mitochondria
Who:
All Living Things!
Plants

24. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
Equations are OPPOSITES!!
Respiration:
C6H12O6 + O2 → H2O + CO ATP
Photosynthesis:
CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O