1. Psychology
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes, and the factors that influence these process.
e.g. psychology includes such subtopics as: sensation, perception, learning, memory and thought.

2. 1. Introduction
Psychology is the study of behaviour and mental processes
It includes both the physical and the mental
Psychology is the youngest of the modern sciences
Although the activity of the mind has been discussed for millennia (Plato and the ancient philosophers discussed it), it was only on philosophical terms
It is believed to have become a science when William Wundt developed his laboratory

3. 1. Introduction There are six main approaches to psychology:
Biological
Emphasizes activity of the nervous system, especially the brain
Evolutionary
Emphasizes the ways
in which behaviour
and mental processes
are adapted for
survival
Psychodynamic
Emphasizes internal
conflicts, which usually
pit sexual or aggressive
instincts against
environmental obstacles

4. 1. Introduction d) Behavioural e) Cognitive f) Humanistic
Emphasizes learning, especially with regards to rewards and punishments
e) Cognitive
Emphasizes
mechanisms through
which people receive,
store, retrieve, and
otherwise process
information
f) Humanistic
Emphasizes individual
potential for growth
and the role of unique
perceptions in guiding
behaviour and mental
processes

5. 2. Physical

6. 2. Physical
The brain is divided into four main areas or “lobes”: the Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, and Occipital lobes
These lobes are regions of the brain where different functions are performed
There are also several functionary regions or “cortices”:
Association cortex: responsible for associating information from different sources
Motor cortex: controls body movement
Sensory cortex: receives information from different sources, including visual (visual cortex), audio (auditory cortex) and touch (somatosensory cortex)
There are also several other areas of the brain:
Broca’s Area: involved in the mental organization of speech
Wernicke’s Area: involved in the comprehension of words and their meanings

7. 2. Physical
Hypothalamus: regulates the basic biological needs, e.g. hunger, thirst, sex drive, etc.
Thalamus: relays sensor info, including pain, to the brain
Medulla: regulates blood pressure, heart rate, breathing and other vital, autonomous systems
Striatum: responsible for the smooth initiation of movement
Hippocampus: involved in the formation of new memories
Cerebral cortex: involved in the analysis of sensory information, control of voluntary movements, and higher-order thought

8. Sigmund Freud ( )
Freud believed that many physical problems stemmed from mental problems
Felt that much of our conscious behaviour is rooted in unconscious or subconscious desires
Developed psychoanalysis, the process of a patient talking about their background