1. Human Inheritance Test Review

2. Which type of blood type is known as the universal donor?

3. Which type of blood type is known as the universal receiver?
TYPE AB

4. Define antigens.
molecules on the surface of the red blood cell which can be recognized by the body’s immune system

5. A molecule in the human body which fights foreign objects
Define antibodies.
A molecule in the human body which fights foreign objects

6. If a person has type A blood which types of blood can they donate to?
A & AB

7. If a man and a woman have type B blood, what are the possible blood types of their children?
B & O

8. How many pairs of sex chromosomes are found in a human cell?

9. What are the sex chromosomes of a male?XY

10. What are the sex chromosomes of a female?XX

11. Which disorders are caused by nondisjunction?
TRISOMY 21(Downs Syndrome), KLINEFELTERS, TURNERS

12. How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?

13. Which disorders are sex-linked disorders?
DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, HEMOPHILIA, COLORBLINDNESS

14. What is the most common fatal genetic disease in the U.S.?
Cystic Fibrosis

15. 3 copies of chromosome #21 instead of 2, aka Down Syndrome
What is Trisomy 21?
3 copies of chromosome #21 instead of 2, aka Down Syndrome

16. What is Huntington’s disease?
Autosomal Dominant disorder causing uncontrolled movements and loss of cognition in late 30s or 40s

17. What is Turner Syndrome?
Nondisjunction of the X chromosome; Women with Turner’s syndrome are sterile because their sex organs do not develop properly. The chromosome arrangement is 45X or 45XO instead of 46XX as in a normal female

18. Which genetic disorders are autosomal recessive?
TAY-SACHS, PKU, CYSTIC FIBROSIS, ALBINISM

19. What is cystic fibrosis?
autosomal recessive disorder that Affects mucus & sweat glands

20. 47XXY, AN EXTRA X CHROMOSOME
What is different in a karyotype of a person with Klinefelter’s syndrome?
47XXY, AN EXTRA X CHROMOSOME

21. What is different in a karyotype of a person with Turner’s syndrome?
45X OR 45XO, MISSING THE SECOND SEX CHROMOSOME

22. Define autosomal recessive disorder.
A disorder carried recessively on an autosome, a person would need to inherit two copies of the allele for the disorder to have it.

23. Define autosomal dominant disorder.
A disorder carried dominantly on an autosome, a person would only need to inherit 1 copy of the allele to show the trait

24. Define pedigree.
a diagram that follows the inheritance of a single gene through several generations in a family.

25. Define karyotype.
A picture of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size.

26. Define nondisjunction. Does it happen during meiosis or mitosis?
The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis

27. 50% ( XCXc x XcY ) ( 1 son and 1 daughter )
If a female that is heterozygous for colorblindness and a male that is colorblind have a child, what are the chances that child will be colorblind?
50% ( XCXc x XcY )
( 1 son and 1 daughter )

28. A, B, & AB ( IAIB x IAIA or Iai )
If a female has type AB blood and a male has type A blood, their children can have______.
A, B, & AB
( IAIB x IAIA or Iai )

29. 50% ( XcXc x XCY ) (both males)
If a female is a hemophiliac and a male is normal, what are the chances that they will have a child with hemophilia?
50% ( XcXc x XCY )
(both males)

30. What is the difference between autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and sex-linked recessive?
Sex linked dominant
Carried on:
autosomes
sex chromosomes
Sex chromosomes
Inherited when:
a person needs to only inherit one copy of the allele to show it
a person needs to inherit two copies of the alleles to show the trait
males will show the disorder if they inherit one copy; females must inherit two copies
both males and females need to inherit only one copy to show the trait

31. Which genetic disorder is common in Jewish and French Canadian ancestry?
Tay-Sachs

32. What genetic disorder is XXY?
KLINEFELTERS

33. On which chromosomes are the majority of genetic disorders carried?
autosomes

34. Why is the ABO blood typing system called a “multiple allele system?”
BLOOD TYPES ARE DETERMINED BY THREE ALLELES A, B & O INSTEAD OF TWO

35. If their mate is recessive 50%
If a person is heterozygous for autosomal dominant disorder, what are the chances that they will have a child with the disorder?
If their mate is recessive 50%
If their mate is heterozygous 75% If their mate is homozygous dominant the chances are 100%

36. Compare & contrast the X and Y chromosomes.
-males are XY
-carries genes for male sex determination X
-females are XX
-much larger than the Y
-carries many more genes
-every child has at least one X
-both are sex chromosomes

37. Brown eyes are a dominant eye-color allele and blue eyes are recessive
Brown eyes are a dominant eye-color allele and blue eyes are recessive. A brown-eyed woman whose father had blue eyes and whose mother had brown eyes marries a brown-eyed man whose parents are also brown-eyed. They have a son who is blue-eyed. Please draw a pedigree showing all four grandparents, the two parents, and the son. Indicate which individuals you are certain of their genotype and where there are more than one possibilities.
**One parent must be Bb but we don’t know which one
**B?
**B? bb B? Bb Bb bb