1. What You Should Already Know
Chemistry
What You Should Already Know

2. Matter Matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume.
Matter can be divided into two main groups: mixture and pure substance.
ALL matter is made of atoms.

3. Mixtures Mixture Separation Techniques
Two or more types of pure substances
NOT chemically combined
No definite ratio
Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous
Substances retain their original chemical and physical properties
Separated using physical properties
Sort by size, shape, or color
Remove portions with magnets
Fractional distillation
Evaporation
Decant
Chromatography
Filtration
precipitation

4. Pure Substances Elements Compounds About 110 known at this point
Organized on the Periodic Table
Made of atoms
Each type of element has a unique atomic structure
Basic structure includes p+, n, and e-
CHEMICAL combinations of two or more elements
Combined in definite, whole # ratios
Made or separated only through chemical reactions
Simply classified as ionic or covalent
Have completely different properties than the elements that make them

5. Basic Atomic Structure
Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
An ION is an atom that has lost or gained electrons. Ions can be positive or negatively charged.
An ISOTOPE is an atom with a different number of neutrons than most other atoms of that type.

6. Subatomic Particles Proton Found in nucleus Positive charge (+1)
Mass = 1amu
# in nucleus identifies atomic #
Neutron
Neutral charge
Number in nucleus can change without atom type changing
Electron
Found in energy levels around the nucleus
Negative charge (-1)
Mass = 0amu
Outer shell #e- can change to make ions

7. Different Types of Atoms
Atoms are all made of subatomic particles but there are several different types of atoms
The number of subatomic particles in each atom will determine the type of atom
The # OF PROTONS will be unique for each type of atom. This is the atomic number.
The periodic table of elements is the best tool for chemistry. You should ALWAYS have one ready to use.

8. Basic Periodic Table Information
Nearly every periodic table will have the same basic information. Usually this includes symbol, name, atomic number, and average atomic mass.

9. Using the Periodic Table
You should already know how to use the periodic table to identify basic information related to atoms.
Number of p+ is the atomic number
Number of e- is the same as the atomic number for neutral atoms
Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number