1. Introduction to the Industrial Revolution 1700-1900
Chapter 9
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution

2. Why do we care? The Industrial Revolution:
The shift, beginning in 18th century England, from making goods by hand to making them by machine.
The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread elsewhere.
The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

3. The Agricultural Revolution
Wealthy landowners bought up small village farms.
Divided large farm land into enclosures
Allowed landowners to:
Experiment with new farming methods.
Force small farmers to either become tenant farmers, or move to the cities.

4. Enclosure Experiments

5. Enclosure Experiments
Jethro Tull invented the seed drill.
Crop rotation: system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land.

6. Enclosure Experiments
Results:
Increased food supply
Better living conditions
Bigger population
People move to the cities to become factory workers

7. Britain’s Advantages Natural Resources: Factors of Production:
Water power and coal to fuel machines
Iron to make machines, tools, and buildings
River transportation
Harbors for merchant ships.
Factors of Production:
Land
Labor
Capital (money)

8. Flying Shuttle
John Kay

10. Steam Engines
Steam Tractor
Steam Boat

11. Steam Engines: Railroads

12. Liverpool-Manchester Railroad

13. “The Great Land Serpent”

14. Importance of Railroads
Cheap way for manufacturers to transport materials and finished goods
Created jobs
Railroad workers
Miners
Boosted agricultural and fishing industries
Made traveling easier for people moving to the city for work or wealthy city dwellers to the countryside