1. Journal #19 Write the following vocabulary words in your journal
Chapel – a place of worship or small church
Communal – belonging to the members of a group as a whole rather than to any particular individual
Ember – a glowing or smoldering piece of coal, wood, or other material left after a fire
Newly – lately, recently, fresh
Confluence – a place where things flow together

2. Independence!
6.5

3. Bonus Questions
What was Thomas Paine’s famous quote from his Crisis papers that inspired the soldiers to keep fighting?
How did George Washington keep the Revolution alive during the winter of ?
What battle was a major turning point in the Revolutionary War? Why was it so important?

4. The War in the West
Eventually the Revolutionary War started being fought on the western frontier
Mostly between colonists and Native Americans
George Rogers Clark, a 24 year old Virginian, becomes a leader of the colonial fighters

5. George Rogers Clark (1752-1818)
Born in Virginia (not far from Thomas Jefferson)
One of 10 children (6 boys)
5 of the 6 boys in his family were officers in the Revolution
The 6th brother, William Clark, was too young to fight
Helped establish Kentucky, which was a county in Virginia during the Revolution, and founded Louisville
Leader of the defense of Kentucky during the Revolution
Won important battles for the Patriots at Kaskaskia and Vincennes
Highest ranking military officer on the northwestern frontier during the Revolution

6. The Battle of Kaskaskia
Kaskaskia was a British trading village on the Mississippi River
It was important in order for British soldiers to get supplies to Fort Detroit and because it was close to the confluence of the Mississippi & Ohio Rivers
In June 1778, Clark and 175 soldiers set out toward Kaskaskia
They took a difficult route, crossing rapids and thick forests, in order to surprise the British
On July 4, 1778, the surprised British leaders surrendered to Clark without a fight

7. The Battle of Vincennes
Vincennes surrendered to the Patriots after the Battle of Kaskaskia
While Clark was negotiating with Native Americans in the area, the British recaptured Vincennes
Clark returns to Vincennes in late February 1779 and took back the town
Clark was never able to take Fort Detroit, but his efforts greatly weakened the British army in the West
The Battle of Vincennes

8. The War in the South
After the American victory at Saratoga, the British focused on the southern colonies
The British were led by General Henry Clinton
The British strategy of freeing slaves who joined them worked well

9. The British Capture Savannah
Quamino Dolly, a slave from Georgia, showed the British a secret trail to the port city of Savannah
The British used the trail to surprise the Patriots and capture the city
Casimir Pulaski is killed in this battle
948 Patriot casualties and 155 British

10. The British Capture Charleston
Charleston was an important port city in South Carolina
After months of hard-fought battles, the Patriots surrendered on May 12, 1780
The British took more than 5,000 POW’s
Bonus question – what is a POW?

11. The British March Through the South
As the British marched through the South they destroyed Patriot property
In South Carolina they seized the plantation of indigo developer Eliza Lucas Pinckney
They stole her valuables, destroyed her crops, and killed her farm animals

12. The Battle of Camden, South Carolina
In August 1780, Patriot forces led by Horatio Gates tried to drive out the British
The attack was poorly planned, Gates only had half as many soldiers as he originally thought
Most of his troops were also hungry and tired from the march
In an attempt to raise their spirits, Gates fed the troops large amounts of molasses and cornmeal – this made many of the men sick
The Patriot attack quickly fell apart, and the British crush the Patriots
Only about 700 out of 4,000 Patriots make it to safety, the Patriots basically lose their entire southern army

13. Guerilla Warfare in the South
The southern Patriots did not stop fighting – they switched to guerilla warfare
swift, hit and run attacks
Francis Marion – led a group of guerilla fighters called Marion’s Brigade
His men destroyed British communications and supply lines
He earned the nickname “the swamp fox”
“The Patriot” is based upon Francis Marion

14. 1781 In early 1781 the war was going badly for the Patriots
they were low on money to pay soldiers and to buy supplies
The army’s morale took another blow when Benedict Arnold turned traitor and joined the British
Arnold tried to surrender West Point to the British before he was caught
The British also controlled much of the South

15. 1781
British general Charles Cornwallis wanted to tighten his hold on the southern colonies
He moved his troops to Yorktown, Virginia
He plans an attack on a small Patriot force led by the Marquis de Lafayette

16. Washington in New York
George Washington was in New York planning strategy with French General Comte de Rochambeau
Rochambeau had just arrived in New York with a large French army
A French fleet was also sailing to America (Virginia) to help the Patriots
Washington decided to use these new arrivals to trap Cornwallis in the South

17. Victory in Yorktown
Took place from September 28th to October 19th 1781
The French fleet arrives and takes control of the Chesapeake Bay
Washington and Rochambeau moved their troops south and surrounded Cornwallis
The Patriot and French army had 16,000 troops, more than twice as many as Cornwallis

19. Victory at Yorktown
For weeks the Patriots held Yorktown under siege, steadily wearing down the British
The British navy tried to rescue Cornwallis’s army but the French fleet drove them away
Washington prepared for a major attack on the British
Cornwallis surrendered on October 20, 1781
“It’s all over”

20. After Yorktown
At Yorktown, the Patriots captured the largest British army in America
Only a few small battles took place afterward
In June 1781, the Continental Congress began peace negotiations with the British

21. Benjamin Franklin to England
“Let us now forgive and forget…America will, with God’s blessing, become a great and happy Country; and England, if she has at length gained Wisdom, will have gained something.”

22. The Treaty of Paris of 1783
The delegates took more than 2 years to come to an agreement
In The Treaty of Paris of Great Britain recognized the independent United States
The treaty set the new nations borders
Great Lakes in the North, Mississippi in the West
The British also accept the Americans right to settle and trade west of the 13 colonies