1. HUMAN RESPIRATION
Topic 9

2. Includes:
Cellular Respiration Gas Exchange

3. Human Respiratory System

4. Pathway of Air: http://www. youtube. com/watch
Pathway of Air: 21PrrO0&feature=related

5. Nasal Passages
Warm, filter, moisten the air Cilia sweep foreign particles Mucous membranes moisten the air Capillaries near surfaces warm the air

6. Pharynx
Throat
Larynx
Voice box
Contains vocal cords

8. Epiglottis
Covers larynx during swallowing

9. Trachea
Windpipe Rings of cartilage keep it open Lined with cilia and mucous membranes

10. Bronchi
2 tubes that split off the trachea Lead into lungs Smaller tubes called bronchial tubes

11. Bronchioles
Smallest tubes

12. Alveoli
Respiratory surface Where gas exchange occurs 1 cell thick Surrounded by capillaries

13. Pleura
2 layer membrane surrounds each lung

14. Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle Located under lungs Controls breathing

15. How the Lungs Works: http://www. nhlbi. nih
How the Lungs Works: topics/topics/hlw/whathappens.html

16. How are gases carried in the blood?
Oxygen:
Hemoglobin carries most oxygen
Small amount dissolved in plasma
Carbon dioxide:
Only 20% carried by hemoglobin
10% dissolved in plasma
70% as a bicarbonate ion

17. What Makes Us Breathe? Breathing: Involuntary Controlled by Medulla
Determined by Concentration of CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood

18. Gas Exchange: Between Capillary & Alveoli:
CO2 in capillary  diffuses into alveoli
O2 in alveoli  diffuses into capillary
Between Capillaries & Body Cells:
O2 in capillary  diffuses into cell
CO2 in cell  diffuses into capillary

19. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide by DIFFUSION Surface must be:
Thin
Moist
Close contact with oxygen

20. Inhale: Diaphragm- DOWNWARD Rib Cage- Up & out Chest Cavity- Size Increases Pressure- Decreases Air rushes IN
Exhale: Diaphragm- UPWARD Rib Cage- Down & in Chest Cavity- Size Decreases Pressure- Increases Air rushes OUT

21. Anatomy of Breathing: http://teachhealthk- 12. uthscsa
Anatomy of Breathing: uthscsa.edu/studentresources/Anat omyofBreathing3.swf

23. MALFUNCTIONS of the HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

24. Emphysema- walls of alveoli breakdown

25. Lung Cancer- tumors form in the lungs

27. Bronchitis- inflammation of bronchial tubes

28. Asthma- allergic reaction causes swelling in bronchial tubes, difficulty breathing

29. Pneumonia- alveoli fill with fluid, decrease in gas exchange