1. The study of carbon compounds Hydrocarbons and functional groups
Organic Chemistry
The study of carbon compounds
Hydrocarbons and functional groups

2. Hydrocarbons
Organic compound with only hydrogen and carbon (think combustion reaction)

3. Alkanes Hydrocarbon chains with a single bond between the carbons
Methane is the simplest of the alkanes
The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2

4. The prefix tells you how many carbons are in chain
Can be straight chain or branched alkanes
The longest continuous carbon chain of a branched-chain hydroC is called the parent alkane
A substituent is an atom (or group of atoms) that can take the place of a H on a parent hydroC molecule

5. Alkyl groups
Basically an alkane with one of its H’s removed (a substituent group)
Name them by removing –ane ending and adding –yl
-CH3 (methyl group)
-CH2CH3 (ethyl group)

6. To name branched-alkanes…
1. Find longest continuous C chain (parent)
2. Number the C’s in sequence (start numbering at end that gives the substituents the smallest numbers)
3. Add numbers to names of substituent groups
4. Use prefixes to indicate the appearance of same group more than once in formula (di-, tri-)
5. List alkyl substituents in alpha order (ignore prefixes)
6. Combine into name with no spaces (use commas to separate numbers and hyphens to separate numbers and words)

7. The longest chain is the 3-carbon chain
The longest chain is the 3-carbon chain. The group attached to it is a methyl group. It is on the 2ndcarbon methylpropane

10. Cyclic hydroC’s
Cyclic hydrocarbons are organic compounds that exist as carbon- rings.
The prefix cyclo-is used with hydrocarbon names to indicate a ring structure.

11. Naming branched cycloalkanes
The ring is always considered the parent chain.
Number the carbons beginning with one attached to a substituent group and in such a way to give the lowest possible numbers in the name.

13. Aromatic hydroC’s
Give aromas to spices like vanilla, cloves and ginger- not all smell good…
Benzene is the simplest and most famous aromatic

14. Alkenes
Alkanes all have single bonds between carbons. These are “saturated hydrocarbons”
Some hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds. These are referred to as “unsaturated hydrocarbons”

15. Naming Alkenes
Alkenes are different because they contain at least one double bond between carbons.
No such thing as methene
Named like alkanes except end in –ene (and you need to specify location of double bond)
You also must specify the location of the double-bond.

16. Naming branched alkenes
The longest carbon-chain must contain the double bond. Always start numbering closest to double-bond.
If there is more than one double bond, use a prefix (di, tri, tetra, etc) before the – ene to indicate the number.
Draw the structure for 5,5-dimethyl-1-hexene

18. Alkynes HydroC’s with at least one triple bond.
Named just like alkenes except with –yne ending

20. Lewis Structures
CH3CHCHCH2CH3
CH3CH2CH3