1. Culture, dugongs and seagrasses
Highlights of the DSCP cultural scoping study
Bali, 27 February 2019

2. Nelson Mandela
“If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, it goes to his heart.”

4. Key and critical parameters
Use of local language.
No right or wrong answers.
Participant ease and comfort
Differences
Gender
Similarities
Key and critical parameters
Age, education and occupation
Primary information
Local community
Field staff
Corroborative information

5. Study design 12 THEMES FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION 12 GUIDING QUESTIONS
LANGUAGE-NATURE LINKS
SACRED SITES & SACRED SPECIES
TRADITIONAL ART, CONSTRUCTION & ARCHITECTURE
OTHER TRADITIONAL REPRESENTATIONS IN LIFESTYLE
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE & HEALING PRACTICES
RITUALS, FESTIVALS & FOLKLORE
TRADITIONAL HUNTING TECHNIQUES
TRADITIONAL FISHING TECHNIQUES
TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES
TRADITIONAL FOODS
TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
TRADITIONAL LAW AND GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
12 GUIDING QUESTIONS
PARTICIPANT DETAILS (VOLUNTARY)
12 THEMES

6. Analysis Deductive method: predetermined format
Inductive method: data determined format
12 themes
Focus group discussion questions
While effort is taken to maintain as much replicability as possible in the design of the study, it is necessary to keep in mind that unlike quantitative methods, in qualitative data analysis, there are no universally applicable techniques to interpret the information during the analysis. The analytical and critical thinking skills, knowledge, expertise and attitude of the researcher and analyst play a significant role in qualitative data analysis. Hence, having researchers and analysts who are well-versed in either the topic of study or the technique being used is key.
* psychographic variables, such as personality, attitudes, lifestyle, etc.
Collection of demographic variables are the easiest definitive data to gather
Early conversations with the DSCP representatives as well as looking into other DSCP material and secondary data sources, suggested that attitudes, behaviours & cultural nuances in communities were most differentiated by these variables, i.e. men thought differently from women, fishers thought differently from those in other occupations, the community elders had different attitudes and knowledge than the youth.
There are 2 main approaches to qualitative analysis:
Deductive Approach, which involves analyzing the data based on a structure that is predetermined by the researcher or the research (questionnaire), or
Inductive Approach, which is not based on a structured or predetermined framework; instead the data content determines the framework, if at all

7. What does this scoping study mean for conservation effectiveness?
Standardized scheme with content flexibility
Replicability and Economy of scale
Basis for developing and conducting detailed cultural evaluation
Allows for rich and diverse techniques of presentation
Pre-cursor to stakeholder engagement and engaging with experts
Recording change and highlighting trends over time
What does this scoping study mean for conservation effectiveness?

8. Lessons learned Never under-estimate interest in culture!
Multidisciplinary input, multidisciplinary output
A cultural scoping study must precede a cultural evaluation study
Mapping cultural trends can help us prepare proactively for the future
National conservation plans and tourism plans must consider cultural aspect.
Important to streamline our efforts.
Missed opportunity on indigenous self-identification
Awareness of survey fatigue

9. THANK YOU! LEELA VATUSOA RANIL ALIMA PATRICIA MIHARI TRUDIANN CHELCIA
JAOHERY