1. Modal Verbs
In English

2. Terminology for Verbs
Ex.
Base form – go
Infinitive form – to go

3. The modal verbs are a small distinguished class of auxiliaries (helpers)

4. These words are called verbs because there is action associated with them.

5. ACTIONS advice ability request necessity probability obligation
deduction

6. MAIN MODALS
can
could
might
may
must
will
would
shall
ought
should

8. can
could
dare
had better
may
might
must /
to have to
necessarily
need
ought
possible
shall
should
usually
will
would

9. Examples With modal: You're shivering – you must be cold.
Without modal:
You're shivering – you are cold.

10. Someone must have taken the key
With modal:
Someone must have taken the key
because it’s not here.
Without modal:
Someone took the key

11. I didn't order ten books. This has to be a mistake.
With modal:
I didn't order ten books. This has to be a mistake.
Without modal:
I didn't order ten books. This is a mistake.

12. These keys are not mine; they have got to be yours.
With modal:
These keys are not mine; they have got to be yours.
Without modal:
These keys are not mine; they are yours.

13. It can’t be a burglar. All the doors and windows are locked.
With modal:
It can’t be a burglar. All the doors and windows are locked.
Without modal:
It is be a burglar. All the doors and windows are locked.

16. to be able to
to be going to
to be about to
to have to
to have got to
to be to
to be supposed to
*to used to
to be allowed to
to be permitted to