1. IPCC AR5 (2014):
“Increasing magnitudes of warming increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive, and irreversible impacts.”
(first time that ’irreversible’ appears in IPCC language…)

2. WEF Global Risks 2017/18/19 Reports
The Global Risks Report examines economic, environmental, geopolitical, societal and technological risks and the interconnections among them, over the short-term and long-term marked the first year that an environmental risk topped the WEF's ranking.
2018: “A failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation is the risk with the greatest potential to impact society”;
2019: “Of all risks, it is in relation to the environment that the world is most clearly sleepwalking into catastrophe…”
Report available at:

3. Top right quadrant = combination of likelihood + impact – dominated by environmental risks (green), including climate change…. (note: water crises (red) used to be an environmental risk (green), now a ‘social’ one, see next slide

4. See colour key at bottom: risks have progressed from being dominated by economic (blue) to environmental (green) over past decade; env (green), did not appear before 2011; also, up until 2014, water was seen as an ‘environmental’ (green) risk, since 2015, a ‘social’ (red) risk…..