1. Describe this political cartoon and what it is saying.
Reconstruction Era
Bell Work
Describe this political cartoon and what it is saying.

3. Reconstruction Amendments
Reconstruction= bringing the South (Confederacy) back into the Union (U.S) after the Civil War
13th Amendment- abolished slavery in 1865
14th Amendment- guaranteed full citizenship status and rights to every person born in the United States, including African Americans
15th Amendment- no male citizen could be denied the right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

4. Ku Klux Klan
Used terror and violence against African Americans and their white supporters to suppress their new rights
their members included planters, merchants, and poor white farmers
small number of actual members, but their goals were supported by many
main target was African Americans(local leaders & wealthy AA)
KKK made threats, burned houses, beat: teachers, women, men and much worse

5. Black Codes
Laws designed to keep freedmen in a slave like condition and to give planters a supply of cheap labor
Used in former Confederate states
Meant to limit African Americans’ rights
prevent them from owning land
restrict their employment opportunities

6. Jim Crow Laws
Created to keep blacks and whites separated and to restrict African Americans from voting
Poll tax- required voters to pay a tax to vote ($1-$2), which few African Americans could afford
Literacy tests- required voters to pass a reading test before registering to vote, again African Americans had been denied education while slaves so few could pass the tests
Grandfather clause- allowed a person to vote as long as their ancestors voted before 1866, of course the ancestors of black freedmen did not vote before 1866 but whites did.

7. Closing Bell
Which of the things we discussed today do you think was the most harmful to African Americans becoming true citizens?