1. Minerals and Rocks
A Mr. Vaughn Production

2. Properties of Minerals
Luster
Streak
Hardness
Cleavage

3. Properties of Minerals
Luster: the way a mineral shines, or reflects light

4. Properties of Minerals
Streak: the color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder.

5. Properties of Minerals
Hardness: the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

6. Properties of Minerals
Cleavage: is the tendency of a mineral to split easily along flat surfaces.
Calcite has three cleavage planes.
Mica cleaves, or splits, along one plane.
Ruby does not split along cleavage planes.

7. Uses of Minerals In glasses( titanium) In watches (quartz)
In Aluminum bats (bauxite)
In Windows (talc, quartz, calcite, and feldspar
In Plumbing Pipes (copper)
Any many others

8. Rocks vs. Minerals
Minerals are non living solid materials that has a definite chemical makeup.
What???
What this means is that each mineral is made up of just one thing.
Rocks are solid materials made up of one or more minerals.

9. Earth’s Layers 1st Layer Crust: the thinnest layer made up of rock
2nd Layer Mantle: a thick layer of rock between the crust and the core.
3rd Layer Core: a dense ball with a liquid out part and a solid inner part.

10. Types of Rocks
Igneous Rocks form when melted rock from deep below Earth’s surfaces cools and hardens.
Basalt makes up much of Earth’s crust beneath the oceans.
Granite is molten rock that hardens in the crust
Obsidian forms when molted rock cools quickly.

11. Types of Rocks
Sedimentary rock forms when sand, particles of rock, bits of soil, and remains of once-living things (sediments) are pressed together and harden. This only happens when they are weathered down.
Conglomerate forms from sediments of different sizes.
Shale forms from thin layers of clay. It is smooth and breaks easily into layers.

12. Types of Rocks
Metamorphic rock is rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure.
Granite, an igneous rock, changes to gneiss.
Limestone, a sedimentary rock, changes to marble

13. The Rock Cycle
The continuous series of changes that rocks undergo.

14. What Do You Remember?

15. What Do You Remember?
The way a mineral shines is called its ____________________.
A solid material made up of one or more minerals is ________________.

16. What Do You Remember
How easily a mineral can be scratched is its _________________
Rock that forms from cooled molten rock is called_______________

17. What Do You Remember
The color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder is
A: hardness
B: texture
C: streak
D: cleavage

18. What Do You Remember
Sand, bits of rock, and the reminds of once-living things are called
A: sediment
B: core
C: minerals
D: metals

19. What Do You Remember All rocks are made up of one or more A: metals
B: minerals
C: once-living things
D: crystals

20. What Do You Remember
What is not a property that can be used to help identify a mineral?
A: luster
B: streak
C: hardness
D: talc