1. Scientific Advancement
Unit Objectives:
To learn what scientific advancements were made
To learn what obstacles scientific advancement had to overcome

2. Old Beliefs

3. This was based on magic, mysticism, ancient writings, and theories from 1,000 years before their time (ancient Greeks)

4. Some people began to challenge old beliefs due to two advances:1. 2.

5. Nicolaus Copernicus (ID)
He was a Polish astronomer whose work led the European Scientific Revolution
Much of his teachings went
against what the Catholic
Church had taught, so he
worked in private to avoid
persecution as a heretic

6. What did he believe?
HELLIOCENTRIC THEORY:

8. How was that different from what the Church had been teaching?

9. Why was the work of Copernicus so dangerous to the Church?

10. Johannes Kepler
He challenged the teachings of academic and religious leaders openly because he was a Protestant and had no reason to fear the Catholic Church
What did he believe?

11. Kepler
His work gave more credibility to the ideas of Copernicus

12. Galileo (ID) Built the telescope and discovered moons around Jupiter
What did he think about
the Heliocentric Theory?

13. Facing the Roman Inquisition

14. Replica of a Galileo telescope A Galileo compass

15. Isaac Newton
Newton helped define the laws of physics including gravity
What was inertia?

16. What was the Scientific Method?

17. Scientific Method (ID)
Francis Bacon
What was Alchemy?

18. Alchemy
Criticized by Robert Boyle who later established chemistry as a pure science (had been considered mystical and was not an accepted science

19. Inductive Reasoning
This method of reasoning goes from the specific to the general
Specific observations are made and a hypothesis is formed
The hypothesis is tested to see if it is valid—if the tests keep supporting the hypothesis it is sound

20. EXAMPLE:
Medicine X has been tested on thousands of
people and it has been found to cure Disease
Y in every case
Therefore, Medicine X is a cure for Disease Y

21. Deductive Reasoning This method goes from the general to the specific
General premises are stated and a specific conclusion is formed
If the premises are true, then the conclusion just be true

22. EXAMPLE:
All triangles have three sides
Shape X has three sides
Therefore, Shape X must be a triangle

23. Results of scientific advancement

24. More Results