1. Macdonald World History
Scramble for Africa
Macdonald
World History

2. Imperialism
Industrialization caused European nations to compete for raw materials & new ppl to sell goods to
Looked to other nations, esp. Africa, to do this
Led to imperialism – take-over of a weaker country by a stronger (also referred to as colonialism)

3. Congo Livingstone – missionary from Scotland who got lost in Africa
Reporter Stanley sent to find him – caused huge media sensation
Later Stanley returned to Africa & helped king Leopold II of Belgium acquire land
1st place of colonization in Africa

4. Competition
Leopold forced Africans to collect sap from rubber plants; brutally exploited them & millions die
Belgium’s seizure of land concerned other countries that also wanted land in Africa
Many countries started seizing land in Africa

5. Reasons for Imperialism
Nationalism – large empire meant great nations
Social Darwinism – form of racism – be/ Europe had more $ & goods, thought they were better
Missionaries – wanted to convert ppl to Christianity
Competition – for national resources for industrialization

6. Reasons So Successful
Africans couldn’t communication w/ each other to unite
Technology
Maxim Gun – 1st automatic machine gun
Steam Engine – could get around to control ppl
RR, steamships – could communicate
Quinine – drug invented to stop malaria

7. Division of Africa
Discovery of gold & diamonds increased interest in colonization – develop cash crop economies
Berlin Conference – 14 nations agreed on rules for division
Countries must claim land & prove ability to control it
By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia free of European control

8. Africa, 1914