1. Ch. 1 Notes

2. Forensics
Application of science to criminal and civil law.

3. Group One
Firearms/Tool Marks: Examines firearms and ammuntion. Helps with comparison and matches.
Ballistics: how fire arms are used, distance of shot, etc.
Questioned Documents: analyzing paper and ink, charred documents, determining authenticity of documents
Fingerprints/other prints: Identification based on fingerprints, tire tracks, footprints.

4. Group One
Photography: examine and records physical evidence. Important for producing an accurate reproduction of the crime scene for use in court.
Lie detection: machine used to determine whether or not someone is telling the truth or lying. Can be used to corroborate testimony.
Voice Spectroscopy: transforms speech into a visual display

5. Group One
Arson: determine how and why fires began when not accidental in nature.
Forensic Computers: use of computers to locate legal evidence that pertains to an investigation (Google searches, records, social networking, etc)

6. Group Two
Botany: study of plants. Can be used to place a suspect/victim at a scene.
Entomology: study of insects. Can use insect life cycles found on a body to determine time of death of deceased.
Engineering: useful in the reconstruction of an accident, determining cause of equipment failure.
Pathology: studies disease and can help determine cause of death.

7. Group Two
Serology: study of biological fluids to aid in crime investigation. (Blood, semen, saliva)
Toxicology: study of the effects of chemicals on an organism. Used to aid medical or legal investigations of death, poisoning or drug use.
Odontology: study of teeth and surrounding tissues. Can be used for identification.
Psychiatry: diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Used to determine if a suspect is competent enough to stand trial.

8. Group Two
Osteology: study of bones and the skeleton. Can be used to determine manner or cause of death, height, gender, age, etc.
Anthropology: Using the knowledge of osteology to help with identification of decomposed remains.
Autopsy: inspection and dissection of the body.