1. Mr. Kinton Honors Chemistry
Bonding and VSEPR
Mr. Kinton
Honors Chemistry

2. Bonding Chemical Bond: atoms or ions that are strongly attached
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Metallic Bonds

3. Metallic Bonding Delocalized electrons that hold metals together
Electrons have freedom to move
Sea of electrons

4. Ionic Bonding
Electrostatic forces that hold oppositely charged ions together
Transfer of electrons
Occur between a metal and a nonmetal

5. Polyatomic Ions Charged group of 2 or more atoms Memorize this list
Table 2.4 and 2.5 (58-59)
Positive and negative

6. Ionic Bond Properties Brittle substances High melting point
Well defined 3-D arrangement

7. You Try! What are the charges that each element is likely to form? SrAl Mg N

8. Covalent Bonding Sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
Occurs between nonmetallic elements

9. Types of Covalent Bonds
Bond Type
Single
Double
Triple
# of electrons 2 4 6
Notation — = 
Bond Order 1 3
Bond Energy
Lowest
Middle
Highest
Bond Length
Longest
Shortest

12. You Try! Classify the following as Ionic or Covalent? MgH2 H2S OF2
FeF2
Mn2O3
Cl2F3

13. Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
Definitions:
Bond Polarity: description of the sharing of electrons
Nonpolar covalent: bond where electrons are shared equally
polar- covalent: one atom has a greater attraction for the electrons

14. Covalent Bonds Electronegativity Difference Type of Bond
Nonpolar covalent
Between 0.1 and 1.7
Polar Covalent
Greater that 1.7
Ionic

15. Dipoles When 2 electrical charges are separated by a distance
Dipole moment: quantitative measure of a molecules dipole
Polar Molecule: molecule where the center of positive and negative charges are separate

16. Lewis Structures What is the purpose of a Lewis diagram?
Lewis Structures visually show shared electrons
Group 7A- 1 Covalent
Group 6A- 2 Covalent
Group 5A- 3 Covalent

17. You Try!
How many bonds will the following atoms form? I S H P

18. Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Odd Number of Electrons
Ex) NO, ClO2, NO2
Less than an octet
B and Be
More than an octet
Largest number of exceptions
Ex) PCl5, SF4

19. Molecular Shapes
Determined by the bond angles and bond lengths of a molecule
Best explained by the general form of ABn
A is our central atom
Bn is the number of atoms bonded to A

20. Molecular Shapes
There are 5 fundamental shapes of molecules

21. VSEPR Model Wait WHAT?! Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion
Helps us determine the shape of a given molecule
Electron Domain: Region where electrons occupy space
Bonding Pair
Nonbonding pair (lone pairs)

22. VSEPR Model Electrons are arranged to maximize distance
Electron Domain Geometry: follows the ABn
Molecular Geometry: Shows how the molecule exists in space