1. 13-3 Reforming Society Pages 410-415
Second Great Awakening (Christian renewal revival, Charles Grandison Finney & Lyman Beecher)
2. Social Reformers Speak Out (Renewed faith & middle class reformers)
* Temperance Movement (stop drinking hard alcohol)
* Prison reform (Dorothea Dix visits prisons & about reform)
3. Improvements in Education (Many children had no access to schools)
* Education in the Early 1800’s (McGuffey’s Readers & wealth determining educational quality)
* Common-School Movement (all children in common school regardless of background)
* Women’s Education (Catharine Beecher started all-female academy, many universities opened for
women)
* Teaching People with Special Needs (schools for the deaf & blind opened in 1831 )
4. African American Communities (African Americans pushed for racial equality & education, Oberlin College began admitting blacks in 1835, Harvard in the 1840’s)

2. 13-3 Reforming Society Second Great Awakening
Pages
Second Great Awakening
Christian renewal movement
Swept through New York & frontier (KY,OH,TN,& SC)
Charles Grandison Finney one of the leaders
Finney challenged some traditional Protestant beliefs
Finney’s style & ideas angered traditionalists like Lyman Beecher
Because of Awakening & Finney church membership soared (Women & African Americans)
A religious revival during 2nd Great Awakening
Charles Grandison Finney
Lyman Beecher

3. 13-3 Reforming Society 2. Social Reformers Speak Out
Pages
2. Social Reformers Speak Out
Renewed faith led to movements to reform society
Many (middle class) women did not work, so they became reformers
A. Temperance Movement
Reformers believed alcohol led to family violence & crime
Reformers urged people to avoid hard alcohol
B. Prison Reform
Dorothea Dix visited prisons & reported findings
Mentally ill & runaway children in prisons in intolerable conditions
Dorothea Dix reported how the mentally ill were chained to walls with little or no heat. Further, children also received the same punishments as adults for crimes they committed.

4. 13-3 Reforming Society 3. Improvements in Education
Pages
3. Improvements in Education
Poor public education was a problem
Many children worked in factories or on farms
A. Education in Early 1800’s
The availability of education varied
Social background & wealthy affected quality of education
B. Common-School Movement
Horace Mann led movement to have all children taught in common place regardless of background
C. Women’s Education
Education reform created better opportunities for women
Catharine Beecher started all-female academy, Troy Female Seminary opened 1821 for women along with other schools.
D. Teaching People with Special Needs
Education reform led to schools for the deaf & blind

5. 13-3 Reforming Society Pages 410-415
McGuffey’s Reader’s taught reading & the learning or moral & social values.
Horace Mann led the Common-School Movement & became Massachusetts 1st Secretary of Education
Troy Female Seminary, now the Emma Willard School was one of the first university level institutions for women.
This schoolhouse is an example of where students of all levels went to school in the 1830’s.

6. 13-3 Reforming Society 4. African American Communities
Pages
4. African American Communities
Communities usually segregated, or separated
African Americans reformers influenced by 2nd Awakening
Free African Religious Society pushed for racial equality & education for blacks
Oberlin College began admitting African Americans in 1835
Law in South barred enslaved people from education
Alexander Crummel pushed for the creation of schools for African Americans.
Richard Allen founded the Free African Religious Society & pressed for racial equality & education for blacks