1. THE RISE OF MODERN JAPAN

2. Tokugawa Shogunate
Origin
The shogunate was founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603 as part of the political unification of Japan
Government
The Tokugawa brought local lords, the daimyo, under central control. A bureaucracy began to develop. Rulers isolated Japan from the rest of the world.
Society
Four social classes: samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants. No one could move from one social class to another. Duty and honor were central values. Women led restricted lives with very few rights
Arts
Kabuki theater, woodblock prints, and haiku poetry developed.

3. Foreign Pressure on Japan
Commodore Perry attempts to open Japan to foreign trade
Gunboat diplomacy- the use of modern technology to intimidate a foreign nation
Why didn’t Japan fight back?

4. Meiji = “Enlightened Rule”
Meiji Restoration
Meiji = “Enlightened Rule”

5. Politics
Replaced daimyos lands with new territories called prefectures
Created a parliament, but power was in hands of elite military and business leaders
Emperor now just a symbol
Basically, the gov’t looked democratic, but was really authoritarian

6. Economics Rapid industrialization Private property for peasants
Europe = ~150 years
Japan = ~40 years
Private property for peasants
Land tax was burden for peasant farmers
Many forced to sell land
Government subsidizes industries

7. Military New army based on German model
Conscription (required service) for three years
Equipped with modern weapons
Navy based on U.S.-British navies
Huge boom in production allowed Japanese economy to grow

8. Institutions Ministry of education
Primary, secondary, and universities

9. Social Structure Removed noble privileges
Samurai and daimyos lost their status
Many samurai suffer poverty
Women could seek education
Right to vote limited to men
Tried to remove old social classes, but many still unofficially remained

10. Social Structure Commoners often exploited in mines and mills
Shot if they tried to escape
Didn’t completely remove traditional values

11. Japanese Imperialism

12. Japanese Imperialism Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)
Russo-Japanese War (1905)
Competed with China over Korea
Korea gains independence after Japanese victory
Eventually annexed in 1910 after war with Russia
Fought to control Manchuria and Korea
First time European power was beaten by an Asia country
Sphere of influence established in Korea
Korea annexed in 1910

15. Modern Japanese Culture
Literature based on realism (objective realities of war)
Foreigners encouraged to teach “modern skills”
Traditional art fostered by late 1890s