1. Comparisons of Scopes Visible light passes through specimen
Electron
Visible light passes through specimen
Light refracts light so specimen is magnified
Magnify up to 1000X
Specimen can be alive/moving
color
Focuses a beam of electrons through specimen
Magnify up to 1,000,000 times
Specimen non-living and in vacuum
Black and white

2. Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
“before” “kernel”
No nucleus
DNA in a nucleoid
Cytosol
No organelles other than ribosomes
Small size
Primitive
i.e. bacteria
“true” “kernel”
Has nucleus and nuclear membrane
Cytosol
Has organelles with specialized structure and function
Much larger in size
More complex
i.e. plant/animal cell

3. Parts of plant & animal cell p 108-109

5. Cells must remain small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio
Large S.A. allows increased rates of chemical exchange between cell and environment

12. Animal cells have intercellular junctions:
Tight junction = prevent leakage
Desomosome = anchor cells together
Gap junction = allow passage of material

13. Cell Membrane

14. 6 types of membrane proteins

15. Passive vs. Active Transport
Little or no Energy
Moves from high to low concentrations
Moves down the concentration gradient
i.e. diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion (with a transport protein)
Requires Energy (ATP)
Moves from a low concentration to high
Moves against the concentration gradient
i.e. pumps, exo/endocytosis

16. hypotonic / isotonic / hypertonic

18. Exocytosis and Endocytosis transport large molecules
3 Types of Endocytosis:
Phagocytosis (“cell eating” - solids)
Pinocytosis (“cell drinking” - fluids)
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Very specific
Substances bind to receptors on cell surface

20. Be sure to know….
Water potential problems
Grid ins = 4