1. Chapter 5 notes American History
Shaping a New Nation
Chapter 5 notes
American History

2. Experimenting with Confederation
A. Debate
1. Balance between State and Federal
2. Elected Officials
3. State Constitutions varied

3. B. Articles of Confederation
1. State Representatives
a. By population?
b. By size?
c. Equal?
2. Supreme Power
a. States?
b. Federal?
3. New Land
a. Land Ordinance of 1785
1. Surveying land
b. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (making new states)
1. Congress appoints governor and judges
2. 5,000 voters = constitution & government
3. 60,000 = apply for statehood

4. C. Articles of Confederation Problems
1. No National Unity
2. No amending w/o every state agreeing
3. Each state gets one vote
4. Can’t tax (states right)
a. can’t pay off war debt ($190 million)
5. Difficulty dealing with Britain and Spain
a. Unable to trade on Mississippi River
b. Britain not leaving Great Lake Region

5. Drafting the Constitution
A. Shay’s Rebellion 1786
1. Farmers’ protest
2. Farmers’ in debt from taxes
3. Go and fight war & can’t afford farms
4. Led by Daniel Shay

6. B. Convention 1786 C. Convention # 2 1787
1. Big Problem = Trade between states
2. Only five states show
C. Convention #
1. All states except RI
2. Held in Philadelphia
3. Strengthen Central Govt.

7. D. Big States vs. Small States
1. Fair representation
2. Virginia Plan (Madison)
a. Bicameral
b. bases on population
3. New Jersey Plan (Paterson)
a. Single House congress
b. Each state gets equal vote
4. Great Compromise (Roger Sherman)
a. Senate (equal vote)
b. House of Representatives (population)

8. E. Slavery
1. 3/5 Compromise
a. Should slaves be counted in population?
b. North vs. South
c. Agreed on 3/5s
1. 3/5s of state’s slave to be counted as population

9. F. Division of Power
1. Federalism – Sharing between state & central govt.
a. Enumerated powers (national govt.)
b. Reserved powers (state govt.)
2. Separation of Powers
a. Three Branches
b. Checks and balances
3. Electoral College
a. Don’t trust lower classes
b. Difficult to communicate between states
c. Electors vote for president instead

10. Ratifying State Conventions B. Federalists vs. Anti-federalists
1. Federalists – For constitution
2. Anti-federalists – opposed b/c feared too strong central govt.

11. C. Federalist Papers 1. 85 essays 2. Leaders were Alexander & Hamilton
3. Anti-federalists want Bill of Rights
4. Federalists say they will adopt Bill of Rights
a. After ratification of Constitution
5. Constitution ratified in1788, official in 1789
6. Bill of Rights added in 1791
a. 10 of 12 amendments added