1. Advanced Old Age and Geriatrics
Chapter 14
Advanced Old Age and Geriatrics
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

2. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Key Terms
activities of daily living (ADLs)
ageism
Alzheimer's disease
apoptosis
atrophy
biological clock
disengagement
elder abuse
free radical
geriatrics
immune theory
osteoporosis
senescence
wear-and-tear theory
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

3. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Definition
Senescence
Young-old: 65 to 75
Old: 76 to 84
Old-old: 85 to 99
Elite-old: 100 and older
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

4. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Geriatrics
Biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects of aging
Goal is to maximize the ability to function and to live independently and to shorten the period of illness and disability
See Box 14-1.
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

5. Theories Of The Aging Process
Cellular Changes
Free Radicals
Biological Clock (Programmed Cell Death)
Wear-and-Tear Theory
Immune Theory
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

6. Physiological Changes
Bones and cartilage
Blood vessels
Lungs
Kidneys and bladder
Metabolism
Digestion
Teeth
Skin
Eyes
Ears
Nervous system
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

7. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Sexuality
Specific changes in sexual responses occur
Continue to have sexual feelings
Cosmetic surgery
Aging without protest
See Box 14-2.
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

8. Sexual Responses in the Aging Woman
Menopause does not decrease sexual response
May experience dryness in the vaginal mucosa, hot flashes, and other assorted hormone-related body changes
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

9. Sexual Responses in the Aging Man
Testosterone production decreases between the ages of 40 and 60
Decrease in the size and firmness of the penis and reduced production, motility, and lifespan of sperm
Male climacteric
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

10. The Impact of Illness on Sexuality
Cancer of the prostate
Heart attack
Hospitalization
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

11. Psychological Changes
Negative self-image may affect his or her ability to function
The aging process is a gradual one that provides time for coping and adaptation to physical changes
Role adjustments require adaptation and acceptance
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

12. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Developmental Tasks
Immortality versus extinction
Adjusting to retirement
Adjusting to and accepting the frailties of aging and the accompanying changes in physical appearance and lifestyles
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

13. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Physical Exercise
“Use it or lose it”
Regular exercise promotes mental and physical health
Walking, jogging, or swimming are appropriate
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

14. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Healthy People 2020 Goals
Occupational Activities
Nutrition
Prevention Of Illness
Mental Health
Environmental Controls
Elder Abuse
Polypharmacy And Medication Errors
Placement Alternatives
See Box 14-3 and 14-4.
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

15. Role Of The Health-Care Worker
Minor changes in the environment can enhance their ability to function
Important to observe family interaction
See Box 14-5.
Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.