1. Initial breaking down of Glucose Occurs in the CYTOPLASM MAKES 2 ATP
GLYCOLYSIS!
Initial breaking down of Glucose
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM
MAKES 2 ATP
OXYGEN PRESENT
AEROBIC
NO OXYGEN PRESENT
ANAEROBIC
KREBS CYCLE
OCCURS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
FERMENTATION
Alcoholic or Lactic Acid
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
OCCURS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
NET 2 ATP + 2 in GLYCOLYSIS = 4 ATP 
NET 36 ATP + 2 in GLYCOLYSIS = 38 ATP!

2. Where does Energy come from?

3. The Sun is the source of all energy

4. I. How organisms obtain energy
A. Autotrophs (Producers) – organisms that can make their own food
Ex. Bacteria, Algae, Plants

5. B. Heterotrophs (Consumers) – Organisms that obtain energy from the food they eat
Ex. Some Protists, Fungi Animals,

6. C. Why organisms need energy? For Life Processes like
Mechanical function
(muscle contractions – animals,
turning toward the sun – plants)
Protein synthesis
Active transport

7. How do organisms store energy? In the form of ATP (energy molecule)

8. II. ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate – most important energy storing compound used by every cell

9. Why is 3rd phosphate like a baaad boyfriend?
The phosphates are attached by high energy bonds
Enzymes break off the last high energy bond and energy is released to do cell work leaving ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) P O– O –O
energy P O– O –O + P O– O –O P O– O –O

10. ATP is recyclable
Fully charged battery
ATP
Half charged battery
ADP

11. Energy Transfer

12. Photosynthesis

13. Photosynthesis
Autotrophs convert the energy of the sun into usable energy (sugar/glucose, starch) that can be stored by the plant.
sun
6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
chlorophyll
Oxygen - waste product

14. Reactants are the compounds that go INTO a chemical reaction first
Reactants are the compounds that go INTO a chemical reaction first. They are on the left hand side of the equation.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Products are the compounds that are produced and come OUT of a chemical reaction. They are on the right side of the equation.
What are the products of photosynthesis?

15. Chloroplast
Found in autotrophic (producers) cells = plant-like protists, and plants
Organelle found in eukaryotic cells
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast

16. Chloroplast STROMA GRANA
Contains Chlorophyll – a special light-trapping pigment – reflects green color
STROMA
GRANA
Chloroplast

18. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration
(the opposite is also true)
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O

19. Cellular Respiration
protists

20. What’s the point?
ATP
The Point is to Make ATP!

21. I. Cellular Respiration Overview
Energy stored in the
bonds of glucose
Definition – process of breaking down food molecules to release energy needed to form new ATP

22. Formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2  ATP +6 CO2 + 6 H2O Cellular Respiration36
Autotrophs and heterotrophs produce ATPs by cellular respiration
Produces energy for life’s
processes

23. Cellular Respiration
Releases energy from food by producing ATPs in the presence of O2
2. Occurs in mitochondria (organelle in eukaryotic cells)
3. Aerobic – Oxygen is needed (goes in)
4. Produces 36 ATPs (more than fermentation)
CO2 – waste product
(comes out)

24. What if Oxygen is not present?
We still need ATP to function

25. Fermentation
Releases energy from food by producing ATP in the absence of O2
2. Anaerobic – no oxygen is needed
3. Produces 2 ATPs
4. Types of fermentation:
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation

26. b. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in muscles during rapid exercise when body can’t supply enough O2 to tissues
Pyruvic acid is converted to Lactic acid
Lactic acid build up causes soreness in the muscles

27. c. Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in yeast
Pyruvic acid is converted to ethyl alcohol and CO2
Useful for brewers and bakers
CO2 production causes bread to rise

28. Overview Cellular Respiration (Muscles) 2ATPs Fermentation Alcoholic
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Alcoholic
(Yeasts)
2 ATPs
Lactic Acid
(Muscles)
2ATPs
36 ATPs (lots)
CO2
H2O
No Oxygen
Present
Oxygen

29. Photosynthesis animations
hesis.swf
/animations/0054.swf
etabolism/photosynthesis.swf
E/Overview/IntVis/Light_Reactions/light_reactions.html

30. Respiration animations
Meyer/respiration.html