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Future and Perfect of “sum” Translating infinitives
Lesson XVII Future and Perfect of “sum” Translating infinitives
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arma, armorum (n.) arms, weapons
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auxilium, auxili (n.) aid, help
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bellum, belli (n.) war
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concordia, concordiae (f.)
harmony
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nuntius, nunti (m.) messenger
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causa, causae (f.) cause, reason, case
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dominus, domini (m.) master
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oppidum, oppidi (n.) town
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populus, populi (m.) people
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aequus, aequa, aequum even, just, calm
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latus, lata, latum wide
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publicus, publica, publicum
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verus, vera, verum true, real, not false
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debeo, debere, debui, debitus
ought, owe
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maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus
hasten
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quis who?
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quid ? what?
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ubi where? when? ?
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-ne ? (used to introduce yes-or-no questions)
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nonne ? (used to introduce questions expecting a “yes” answer)
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“SUM” “Sum” is the “to be” verb.
Like other languages, including English, “sum” is an irregular verb in Latin. SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUS: to be
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Future Tense of “Sum”: ERO text p. 127 (1st chart)
Singular Plural ero I will be erimus we will be eris you will be eritis y’all will be erit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be These are stand-alone words, not endings.
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“ERO” in action! Nauta ero. Erit servus. Eris agricola bonus.
Erunt laeti (happy). Numerus erit parvus. Victoria erit grata. I will be a sailor. He will be a slave. You will be a good farmer. They will be happy. The number will be small. Victory will be pleasing.
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Perfect Tense of “Sum”: FUI text p. 127 (2nd chart)
Singular Plural fui I have been,was fuimus we have been, were fuisti you have been, were fuistis y’all have been, were fuit he/she/ it has been, was fuerunt they have been, were sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be Drop the “i” and add the perfect endings like we learned for other verbs.
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“FUI” in action! Nauta fui. Fuit servus. etc.
I have been (was) a sailor. He has been (was) a slave.
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Things to Take Away With You…
The verb “to be” has future and perfect tenses. Future tense: “ero” (already learned in class) Perfect tense: “fui” (uses perfect tense endings already learned in class) Learn both charts!
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Infinitives p. 128 text An infinitive is a verb with the word “to” in front of it to carry, to tell, to love, to hurry… Remember: “TO infinity (-ive)…”
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Using Infinitives In Latin, infinitives are the 2nd principal part of the verb. Infinitives end in –re. amo, amare: to love porto, portare: to carry doceo, docere: to teach
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Using Infinitives Infinitives can be used as subjects.
Docere est gratum. To teach is pleasing. Habere amicos est bonum. To have friends is good. (It’s good to have friends.)
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Using Infinitives Infinitives can be used as objects.
Puella pupas portare amat. The girl likes to carry dolls. Cibum parare debet. He ought to prepare food.
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Things to Take Away With You…
Infinitives are translated “to (verb)” Infinitives are the 2nd part of a Latin verb. Latin infinitives are recognized by their –re ending.
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nonne ? (used to introduce questions expecting a “yes” answer)
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dominus, domini (m.) master
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arma, armorum (n.) arms, weapons
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quid ? what?
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auxilium, auxili (n.) aid, help
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maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus
hasten
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ubi where? when? ?
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nuntius, nunti (m.) messenger
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causa, causae (f.) cause, reason, case
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-ne ? (used to introduce yes-or-no questions)
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populus, populi (m.) people
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aequus, aequa, aequum even, just, calm
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latus, lata, latum wide
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publicus, publica, publicum
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verus, vera, verum true, real, not false
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quis who?
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bellum, belli (n.) war
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debeo, debere, debui, debitus
ought, owe
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concordia, concordiae (f.)
harmony
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oppidum, oppidi (n.) town
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