1. Draw an atom. Include protons, neutrons, and electrons.
12/9
Draw an atom. Include protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Write down everything you know about atoms and the periodic table of the elements.

2. New unit, new goal!
I can use the periodic table to draw the structure of the atom and decide if it will bond with another element

3. The Nature of Matter

4. Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Examples: desk, air, dog, balloon, solid, liquid, or gas
Nonexample: energy, gravity

5. The basic unit of matter
The Nature of Matter
What is an atom?
The basic unit of matter

6. The Nature of Matter How big is an atom compared to the Universe?
Video

7. The nature of Matter 100 million (100,000,000)
How many atoms do you think would fit in the width of your little finger?
100 million
(100,000,000)

8. 274 years The nature of matter How much is 100,000,000???
If I gave you $100,000,000 and you spent $1000 EVERY day, when would you run out of money?
274 years

9. The Nature of Matter
In other words, if you started spending your money on the day the Declaration of Independence was signed you would still have 40 years to spend the rest of your money.

10. The nature of Matter
Placed side-by-side, about 100,000,000 atoms could fit the width of your pinky finger.
There are subatomic particles that are even smaller…

11. ATOM
The smallest component of an element made of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons circling this nucleus. 

12. Proton – A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron – A non charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Electron – A negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom

13.
Warm up: Explain what an atom is and what is inside an atom. Be sure to draw a picture.
Thought to Ponder: Remember, the difference between a boss and a leader... A boss say "Go" A leaders say "Let's go"

14. A substance made of atoms that are all the same.
ELEMENT
A substance made of atoms that are all the same.
Examples: Helium, Hydrogen, Gold, Copper, Oxygen
NONEXAMPLES: Water (made of Hydrogen and Oxygen), Salt (made of Chlorine and Sodium), Sugar (made of Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen)

15. Elements are represented by one- or two- letter symbols.
Pure substance, consists entirely of one type of atom.
Elements are represented by one- or two- letter symbols.

16. READING THE PERIODIC TABLE
Number of Protons 11 Na
22.99
Number of Electrons
Atomic Number
Symbol
Number of Protons + Neutrons
Atomic Mass

17. C 12.01 6 How many protons does carbon have?
How many electrons does carbon have? 6 C
12.01

18. Cl 35.45 17 How many protons does chlorine have?
How many electrons does chlorine have? 17 Cl
35.45

19. N 14.0 7 How many protons does nitrogen have?
How many electrons does nitrogen have? 7 N
14.0

20. F 19.0 9 How many protons does fluorine have?
How many electrons does fluorine have?
How many neutrons does fluorine have?
(To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass) 9 F
19.0

21. Cu 63.5 29 How many protons does copper have?
How many electrons does copper have?
How many neutrons does carbon have? 29 Cu
63.5

22. P 31.0 15 How many protons does phosphorus have?
How many electrons does phosphorus have?
How many neutrons does phosphorus have? 15 P
31.0

23. Bonds and Electrons

24. Terms to know:
Atomic Number: the number at the top of each element’s box.
Represents the number of PROTONS that atom has.
It is also the number of ELECTRONS that atom has.

25. Practice What is the atomic number for Carbon?
What is the atomic number for Oxygen?
What is the atomic number for Nitrogen?
How many protons does Lithium have?
How many protons does Phosphorus have?

26. Electron Energy Levels
Electrons “orbit” and travel around the NUCLEUS (the protons and neutrons)
Electrons orbit in levels:
Level 1: Can hold 2 electrons
Level 2: Can hold 8 electrons
Level 3-ish: Can hold 8 electrons
The electrons in the outermost layer are called “VALENCE” electrons.

27. 6 Carbon 4 Atomic Number: Name: Number of Valence Electrons: 3 1 4 6 25

28. Why does the periodic table look like this?

29. Please label yours: 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7

30. Everything in this column has 1 valence electron
Everything in this column has 2 valence electrons
Everything in this column has 3 valence electrons
Everything in this column has 4 valence electrons
7 v. e.
7 v. e.
6 v. e.
5 v. e.
You’ll learn about these groups in high school

31. 8 Oxygen 6 6 Atomic Number: Name: Which column is it in?
Number of Valence Electrons: 7 3 1 8 6 4
Oxygen 8 2 6 5 6

32. 5 Boron 3 3 Atomic Number: Name: Which column is it in?
Number of Valence Electrons: 3 5 1
Boron 4 3 2 5 3

33. 7 Nitrogen 5 5 Atomic Number: Name: Which column is it in?
Number of Valence Electrons: 7
Nitrogen 5 5

34. 14 Silicon 4 4 Atomic Number: Name: Which column is it in?11
Atomic Number:
Name:
Which column is it in?
Number of Valence Electrons: 3 7 14 1 10 14 4 12
Silicon 6 8 4 2 9 5 4 13

35. 16 Sulfur 6 6 Atomic Number: Name: Which column is it in?11 15
Atomic Number:
Name:
Which column is it in?
Number of Valence Electrons: 3 7 16 1 10 12 4
Sulfur 14 8 16 6 6 2 5 9 6 13