3. Colonial India:
Crown Jewel of
British Empire

4. Europeans in South Asia
Portuguese were first Europeans in India in 16th century
In the 17th century the Dutch began trading in India
1600- Britain started East India Company and opened trading ports with permission of Mughals
Traded cotton, silk, spices, pepper, tea, opium
Indian words f/ trade: dungarees, khakis, shawl

5. Decline of Mughal Empire
Empire became fractured amongst princes
Britain and France’s competition spilled over to India
1757-Robert Clive, administrator of East India Company, drove out French forces and took over Bengal
East India Company began to set up government

6. Tension of British Rule
By 1850’s British rule prevented ritual suicide by Hindu widows and attempted to convert both Hindus/Muslims to Christianity
Sepoy Rebellion Indian soldiers for the Crown rebelled for having pork/cow grease used on cartridges. Also, being able to travel with the military caused them to lose their role in the caste system

7. British Raj
After quelling the rebellion, Queen Victoria claimed herself Empress of India and exiled last Mughal Emperor
East India Company was taken over by the British Crown and became known as the British Raj
British Raj: Rule by the British Crown from following the Sepoy Rebellion

8. Effects of British Rule
Improved roads, ports, railroads, telegraphs, health care, sanitation, education
During the mid-19th century, Britain completely engulfed the Indian economy because of the Industrial Revolution
English language was implemented linking Indians to rest of India and world

9. Indian Nationalism
Nationalism was strongest among British educated elites
Dilemma: Become Western or return to traditional ways?
Indian National Congress (INC)- Est. 1885, group of Hindus who fought for political change
Mohandas Ghandi- Led INC in 1920, and helped lead Britain to declare its eventual withdrawal of India