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Lap 6 Memory and Thought The Heart of Cognitive Psychology:

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Presentation on theme: "Lap 6 Memory and Thought The Heart of Cognitive Psychology:"— Presentation transcript:

1 Lap 6 Memory and Thought The Heart of Cognitive Psychology:
Mental processes and their effect on behavior

2 Memory: Maintaining info over time
Memory is learning that has persisted over time Our ability to store and retrieve information

3 Stages of Memory: Input/ encoding, storage, retrieval of what has been learned or experienced Input/ encoding- Senses recognize information sense specific! Visual (iconic)- images Auditory (acoustic)- principle for STM Semantic- encoding by meaning- principle for LTM <1 second, decide if it’s worth noting “memory” begins

4 Stages of Memory: Input/ encoding, storage, retrieval of what has been learned or experienced Storage: retaining information Three Stages- Sensory Short Term Long Term

5 Three Stages of Storage:
Sensory Memory: very brief, <1 second, little capacity The longer the delay, the greater the loss** Short Term/ Working Memory: ~30 seconds, ~7 items LIMITED Long Term: lifetime, unlimited!

6 Short Term Memory: Active Memory
Things in the conscious mind at any time

7 Short Term Memory: Info lost with distraction of passage of time
Stored and retrieved sequentially Rehearsal- repetition To hold in STM by repeating verbally 3 second experiment Would rapidly decay with no rehearsal limited duration! Helps to transfer from STM to LTM Chunking- grouping To break down complex information Increases working memory CIAFBITWAIBM Acronyms- EGBDF Mnemonics- memory aids use vivid imagery and organizational devices to aid memory

8 Retrieval Forgetting- info cannot be retrieved
Failure in any of the three stages Decay- fade away of STM 3 second experiment Displacement- STM has limited capacity new info pushes out the old Interference- blocked by other memory or confused with old info Primacy- Recency Effect Start strong, end strong!

9 Long Term Memory: Episodic- info about events
Extended storage, inactive memory, unconscious mind, used when needed Stored and retrieved by association with what we already know Semantic- language/ meaning Store info about the world London- Capital of GB, OR is north of CA… requires effort Episodic- info about events Ie: First day of school Procedural- learned skills/ muscle memory How to do things– ride a bike, play piano, tie shoes…

10 Long Term Memory: Many theories on how each works
Clustered- categorized or arranged in groups Multi-Store Model Working Memory Model Processing Theory: Build on previous knowledge to aid memory and recall Ie: put info in your own words or explain it to another student

11 Retrieval Forgetting- info cannot be retrieved
Repression- block embarrassing, frightening, unhappy memories Amnesia- loss of memory, esp declarative knowledge “know that-” episodic and semantic memories Infant Amnesia- flood of info to process, little remembered prior to age 3

12 Recall Reconstruction of info For usage and problem solving

13 Improving Memory Elaborative Rehearsal- relate new info to what is already known (Processing Theory) The more senses used, more likely it will be retained Over learn- rehearse things even after it is known

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