1. Effects of the New Deal

2. Why Did The New deal matter?
Provided relief to a nation dealing with an economic depression
Created numerous changes in government and society
Reshaped the role of government in the economy
Changed the power of the presidency
Changed the relationship of the American people with the gov’t and different ethnic groups

3. What Were Some Critics of the New Deal?
Socialists and extreme liberals criticized FDR for providing too much assistance to business and not enough on the unemployed, minorities, and women
Conservatives argued that the New Deal gave the federal government too much power
Some critics played on Americans’ desperation for immediate solutions to the crisis by using radio to reach a mass audience

4. Father Charles E. Coughlin
Catholic priest who had big audiences for his weekly radio address
Founded the National Union for Social Justice  nationalization of all banks
The Catholic church stopped the broadcasts after they became anti-sematic and fascist
“Kingfish” Huey Long
Senator from LA that promoted a “share the wealth” program being paid by taxing the wealthy
Challenged FDR for the Democratic nomination for the 1936 election
Candidacy ended when he was assassinated

5. How did the New Deal Affect Minority Groups?
Little more than a decade removed from the ratification of the 19th Amendment
Frances Perkins served as Secretary of Labor under FDR
The New Deal did not focus on ending gender discrimination  Focused more on providing work to men
By 1934, the unemployment rate for African Americans was almost 50%, more than twice the national average  agriculture and elderly

6. FDR invited many African American leaders to be unofficial advisors in what came to be known as the Black Cabinet
Mary McLeod Bethune, member of the Black Cabinet, noted that African Americans gained unprecedented access in the White House and positions within the gov’t under FDR’s presidency
Just like gender rights and equalities, racial equality did not make significant strides until the 60’s

7. Native American owned land:
1887 = 138 million acres owned
1930 = 48 million acres owned
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 restored tribal control over Native American land but did not immediately improve standard of living
Indian New Deal provided economic assistance and Indian Reorganization Act

8. What were Lasting Political Changes?
Creation of the New Deal Coalition that helped Democrats to a sizable majority in both houses of Congress
Democratic Party secures 6 of the next 8 presidential elections
African American voters went from voting 65% Republican in 1932 to 68% Democrat in 1940 to 93% Democrat in 2012
The New Deal broke from the federal govt’s traditional laissez faire approach to the economy and accepted the responsibility for spurring economic growth

9. FDR increased the power of the executive branch
Creation of a welfare state that provided government support to certain citizens (ex: Social Security, child labor, worker’s comp)
New Deal programs such as the FDIC and SEC helped stabilize banks and the stock market
FDR increased the power of the executive branch
FDR’s presidency led to the creation of the 22nd Amendment
Created a 2-term or 10-year limit for serving as president

10. What Was Culture Like In the 1930’s
Entertainment became big business in the 1930’s.
Radio Networks: NBC, CBS
Film Companies: MGM, Warner Brothers, Twentieth Century Fox, Paramount
Movies thrived as Americans went to see them as a form of escapism  The Wizard of Oz

11. The Federal Art Projects leas to many different art programs from monuments to photos  Mount Rushmore
Led to Dorothea Lange to capture images of impoverished farmers and migrant workers