1. Chapter 4.1
Miners and Ranchers

2. Main Ideas
Understand the role of innovation on the development and interaction of societies.
Understand significant changes caused by technology, industrialization, urbanization, and population growth and the effects of these changes.
Understand the historical impact of the interaction and interdependence of science, technology, and society in a variety of cultural settings.

3. Chapter 4.1: Miners and Ranchers
Mining played an important part in settling the west
Settlers came to “strike it rich”
The demand for minerals grew
The U.S. changed from farming to industry
Encouraged the building of railroads

4. Chapter 4.1 Mining and Ranching
As more and more gold and silver was found more and more settlers moved to the American West.
Sutter’s Mill
Comstock Lode
“Boomtowns” quickly formed
As more and more towns were built the need for law and order was needed.

5. Chapter 4.1 Mining and Ranching
To solve the problem of Law and Order, “vigilance committees” were formed.
As the mines went dry, the boomtowns turned into ghost towns.

6. Chapter 4.1 Mining and Ranching
3 types of mining
Placer
Sluice
Hydraulic

7. Chapter 4.1 Mining and Ranching
Placer mining: Used first. Anyone could placer mine. A person finds a “place” and starts to dig or pan for gold.
Sluice mining: Water from a stream was diverted through a box with filters to catch the gold.
Hydraulic mining: Water was sprayed at a hill to wash the gold into sluices to catch the gold.

8. Chapter 4.1 Mining and Ranching
Longhorn Cattle were a Spanish cattle that had roamed free on the “open range” for 200 years. There were over 5 million.
They were rounded up and put on “haciendas”.
They were then taken to railheads by the “long drive”
Chisholm Trail

9. Chapter 4.1 Mining and Ranching
As more and more people moved west, the land was soon bought and fenced in.
At first, ranchers saw barbed wire as a threat because it kept their herds from roaming freely.
The fencing of the open range resulted in the end of the long cattle drives.