1. Forensic Ballistics
Part C

2. Identifying marks on a Shotgun Cartridge Shell
A shotgun has a smooth barrel so the projectile is not marked with any type of striation.
However, the shotgun cartridge may have the same markings as a bullet case.

3. Distance Determination
The process of determining the distance between the firearm and the target is usually based on the distribution of powder patterns or the spread of a shot pattern (shotgun).
As the distance increases the residue decreases.
Contact Shot

4. DISTANCE – 9 inches
At close range, the impact of the pellets are easily seen scattered around the central impact zone.

5. DISTANCE – 15 inches
At a distance of 15 inches, the pellet patter is still scattered, but to a lesser extent.
The pattern is less random.

6. DISTANCE – 27 inches
At a greater distance, the individual pattern is less pronounced.
The central zone is focused.

7. Distance Determination of a Shotgun.
Up close, the pellets create similar patterns as residue.

8. The Data Base for Firearm Information
Originally, the information about firearms, ammunition and identifying marks was kept by two different agencies; the FBI and the ATF&E.
The FBI maintained a system known as DRUGFIRE and the ATF&E maintained a system known as Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS).

9. The Data Base for Firearm Information
This two agency system was confusing and unproductive.
In 1999, the two systems were combined into the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN).
This system has over 800,000 computerized images.