1. Review Ionic is a _______________ and a ________________
Covalent is a ______________ and a _________________
Complete a dot diagram and a Bohr model for the following elements: Ca and S

2. Atomic Stability
Noble gases have a full outer shell (do not form compounds)
Noble gases do not lose/gain/share electrons
An atom is stable when it has a full electron shell (gains, loses, shares)
The force that holds the atoms together is called a chemical bond
Chemical bonds can be ionic or covalent

3. 2 main types of compounds
Covalent
Binary ionic

4. Ionic or Covalent?
PO4
CaF
LiBr
BeO
RbS CO
SO4
NH3
NaCl
H2O KI
NO3

5. Covalent Bonds
involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom

6. Covalent (Molecular) Compounds
Gases, liquids, or solids (made of molecules)
Low melting and boiling points
Poor electrical conductors in all phases
Very brittle
WEAK BONDS

7. Covalent naming Must be 2 nonmetals!!!!! Use prefixes when naming P2O5
SO3
Mono- 1
Di Nona- 9
Tri- 3
Tetra Deca - 10
Penta- 5
Hexa- 6
Hepta- 7
Octa- 8

8. Practice: Name the following
IF5
N2O5
P4O10
P2S5
SF6

9. Writing Formulas for Covalent
Make sure it is 2 nonmetals!!!!
Use prefixes!!!!
Dihydrogen monoxide = H2O1
Tetracarbon pentasulfide = C4S5

10. Practice Writing Covalent Formulas
Sulfur Octachloride
Triphosphorous monoflouride
Pentanitrogen diiodide

11. Na , 11 e

12. Na + , 10e
Ion - an atom with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
Same #p and #n
Different #e

13. A Positive Ion (Cation):
An atom that has lost one or more electrons.
+ charge

14. A Negative Ion (Anion) An atom that has gained one or more electrons.
Negatively (-) charged.

15. Chlorine Atom  Chlorine Ion

16. Ionic Compounds Made of cations and anions Metals and nonmetals
The electrons lost by the cation are gained by the anion
The cation and anions surround each other
Smallest ratio of ions in an ionic compound is a FORMULA UNIT.

17. Properties of Ionic Bonds
Solid at room temperature
High melting and boiling points
Soluble in water
Good electrical conductors in liquid phase
STRONG BONDS

18. When atoms transfer electrons Ionic Bonds
When one or more atoms lose electrons and other atoms gain them in order to produce a noble gas electron configuration, the bond is called an ionic bond.

19. Ionic Bonding metallic atoms tend to lose electrons
When they do so, they become positively charged ions which are called cations.
Nonmetallic atoms tend to gain electrons to become negatively charged ions which are called anions.
These oppositely charged cations and anions are attracted to one another because of their opposite charges.
That attraction is called an  ionic bond. We often refer to the charge on the ion as the oxidation state of that element.

20. Binary Ionic rules for naming
Has to be a metal and a nonmetal!!!!!!
Determine the name for the symbols given
Keep the name of the metal as it is
Replace the ending on the 2nd element with “ide”
FeO
PbF2

21. Practice: Name the following
MgO
HgI
CuI
LiBr
CaS

22. Oxidation Numbers (Review)

23. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic
Make sure it is a metal and a nonmetal!!!
Crisscross (or least common multiple)
Calcium Chloride = Ca Cl
Find the symbols for the elements
Ca= +2 , Cl = -1 (now crisscross)
Find the oxidation numbers for each element
CaCl2
Magnesium Bromide = MgBr2

24. Practice Writing Binary Ionic Formulas
Lithium sulfide
Aluminum fluoride
Barium phosphide
Rubidium iodide

25. Mixed Practice
Decide which are ionic and which are covalent and then name them
MgS
P2O7
H2Br4
MnCl2