1. Class: Special Topics Overloading (methods) Copy Constructors
Static members

2. Overloading (methods)
The same function (i.e. function name) can be defined multiple times in a class.
but, each definition must have a different list of parameters
The compiler decides which to use based on the argument list
Considerations
Number of arguments
Types of arguments
Inheritance
Lower-level method will be chosen over a higher level

3. Method overloading (type based)
class PrintData { public: void print(int i) { cout << "Printing int: " << i << endl; } void print(double f) { cout << "Printing float: " << f << endl; void print(string c) { cout << "Printing string: " << c << endl; };
int main(void) { printData pd; // Call print to print integer pd.print(5); // Call print to print float pd.print( ); // Call print to print string pd.print("Hello C++"); return 0; }

4. Method overloading (number based)
class PrintData { public: void print(int i) { cout << "Printing int: " << i << endl; } void print(int i, int j) { cout << "Printing 2 ints: " << i << “ “ << j << endl; };
int main(void) { PrintData pd; // Call print to print integer pd.print(5); // Call print to print two integers pd.print(5,10); return 0; }
Examples: FuncOver and Person

5. Copy constructor Example: General/Date
A copy constructor is a special constructor that takes a class instance of the same type as an argument
It is called automatically when the compiler needs to make a copy of a class instance
Ex: when passing a class instance to a function “by value”
Input argument should always be a const reference
MyClass(const MyClass&);
const ensures that the argument will not be modified
Reference ensures that the argument will not be copied
Otherwise, the copy constructor would be called again to make the copy
Infinite loop!!!!
Example: General/Date

6. Static members
A static member of a class is specified using the keyword static
static const string seasons[]; // in header file
ClassName::seasons[]= { “spring”, “summer”, “winter”, “fall” }; // in .cpp file
Member functions can also be static!
Static members do not belong to any instance of the class
They are “global”
Static members are accessed using the class name directly
string now= ClassName::seasons[2];
An instance is not required (no “.” operator!) – and should not be used
Example: General/Date