1. Cellular Metabolism

2. Metabolic Reactions
Anabolism: the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules
Dehydration synthesis: joins simple molecules to form bigger ones
Water is formed during the process

3. Cellular Metabolism
Catabolism: the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules
Hydrolysis reactions: breaks down carbs, lipids and proteins and splits water in the process

4. Enzyme action
Enzymes: proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions in order to make them go faster and use less energy
Substrate: the molecule the enzyme is acting on
Active site: a temporary place on the enzyme that the substrate binds to

5. Enzyme actions Factors that denature enzymes Heat Radiation
Electricity
Chemicals
Extreme pH solutions
Poisons

6. Metabolic Pathways
Metabolic Pathway: a series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to the formation of a product
Aerobic Respiration: when oxygen is present, the pyruvic acid can enter the mitochondria and the citric acid cycle
Anaerobic respiration: when oxygen is not present, the pyruvic acid stays in the cytosol and undergoes fermentation into lactic acid

7. Cellular Respiration
Adenosine Triphosphate ATP: a chain of 3 phosphates that is released during cellular respiration
Used as an energy currency inside of cells
Cellular Respiration: the process of cells converting chemical energy into ATP energy
Heat is released
Waste products are created

8. Step 1: glycolysis
Glycolysis: glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm of a cell into pyruvic acid (anaerobic)
Uses 2 ATP and creates 4 ATP
2. Citric Acid Cycle: pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria, is combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA (aerobic)
2 ATP are created
Carbon dioxide is a waste product
3. Electron Transport Chain: carrier molecules bring the high energy electrons to a series of enzymes that store the remaining energy (aerobic)
32-34 ATP are created
Heat and water are waste products created