1. Get out a sheet of paper and prepare for the warm up
GOOD MORNING!
Get out a sheet of paper and prepare for the warm up

2. On a separate sheet of paper…
Write down the 12 months of the year as fast as you can
Now write them as fast as you can in alphabetical order

3. Storage: the retention of encoding material over time.
In terms of storing material, we have three stages of memory
Sensory Memory
Working Memory (short-term memory)
Long-term Memory

4. Storage
Maintenance Rehearsal: repeating new information over and over again
Elaborative Rehearsal: connecting new information to older information
Organizational systems: filing related information in an accessible way

5. Effortful learning usually requires rehearsal or conscious repetition.
Ebbinghaus studied rehearsal by using nonsense syllables: TUV YOF GEK XOZ
Hermann Ebbinghaus
( )

6. Rehearsal
The more times the nonsense syllables were practiced on Day 1,
the fewer repetitions were required to remember them on Day 2.

7. The Third Process
Retrieval: The locating and recovering of information from memory.
While some memories return to us in a split second, other seemed to be hidden deeper, and still others are never “recovered” correctly.

8. Tools for Retrieval Answer the following questions using p. 158-160
What is one technique police use to help witnesses of a crime remember details?
When are we most likely to remember happy memories?
Why might recovering drug users have more trouble with memories if they are quitting drugs?
What is the tip of the tongue phenomenon?

9. Storage: Retaining Information
Storage is at the heart of memory. Three stores of memory are shown below:
Please copy the diagram under your warm-up and objective. Use color coding!
Sensory
Memory
Working
Memory
Long-term
Memory
Encoding
Events
Encoding
Retrieval
Retrieval

10. Sensory Memory Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Events
Encoding
Events
Encoding
Retrieval
OBJECTIVE 8| Contrast two types of sensory memory.
Retrieval

11. Sensory Memory
Sensory memory: The immediate initial recording of information
Visual images: Iconic Memory
Sounds: Echoic Memory
Touch: Hepatic memory
Do we have more sensory memory then we store?
What about subliminal messages, or hearing your name in a crowded cafeteria?
Our attention matters

12. The duration of sensory memory varies for the different senses.
Sensory Memories
The duration of sensory memory varies for the different senses.
Iconic
0.5 sec. long
Echoic
3-4 sec. long
Hepatic
< 1 sec. long

13. Working Memory: Experiment Time!
Sensory
Memory
Working
Memory
Long-term
Memory
Encoding
Events
Encoding
Retrieval
OBJECTIVE 9| Describe the duration and working capacity of short-term memory.
Retrieval

14. Working Memory
Working memory, the new name for short-term memory, has a limited capacity (7±2) and a short duration (20 seconds).

15. Primacy and Recency Effects
TUV
ZOF
GEK
WAV
XOZ
TIK
FUT
WIB
SAR
POZ
REY
GIJ
Better recall
Poor recall

16. Definitions Primacy: We remember the first items in a list better
Recency: We remember the last items in a list better
Chunking: Organizing items into familiar or manageable units

17. Chunking F-B-I-T-W-A-C-I-A-I-B-M FBI TWA CIA IBM 4 chunks
The capacity of the working memory may be increased by “Chunking.”
F-B-I-T-W-A-C-I-A-I-B-M
FBI TWA CIA IBM
4 chunks

18. The duration of the working memory is about 20 sec.
Interference
New memory appears and takes the place of existing short term memory
CHJ
MKT
HIJ
547
547
544
541 …
CH??
The duration of the working memory is about 20 sec.