1. Different forms of a gene
allele

2. ? Both parents contribute
Offspring = tt
? Both parents contribute
Recessive allele

3. Have 2 identical alleles for a trait
homozygous

4. During gamete formation, genes for dif
During gamete formation, genes for dif. Traits separate without influencing others (2 words)
Independent assortment

5. One allele for a gene is not completely dominant over the other
Incomplete dominance

6. 4 dif. Versions of the gene for rabbit coat color
Multiple alleles

7. Meiosis I produces what type of cells and how many
2 haploid cells

8. what type of cells and how many
Mitosis produces
what type of cells and how many
2 diploid cells

9. Variation in human skin color ex. Of?
Polygenic traits

10. Gametes are produced by what process
meiosis

11. Homologous pair of chromosomes each with 2 chromatids
tetrad

12. 2 genes rarely assort independently, so they are located
Close to each other

13. A good molecule for storing info
DNA

14. Can be joined together in any order like letters of the alphabet
DNA

15. DNA replication must happen before a cell ________
divides

16. What do bacteriophages infect
bacteria

17. What organism has DNA in a nucleus
eukaryotes

18. During DNA replication, what bases bind together
A-T and C-G

19. This results in 2 DNA molecules; one new and one old
DNA replication

20. Which cells in the accurate transmission of info most important
Sex cells

21. Other than cytosine… what 2 things are needed for a cytosine nucleotide
Deoxyribose and phosphate group

22. Rule Tells us % of Adenine = % of thymine
Base pairing

23. Unlike DNA, RNA contains what?
uracil

24. Type of RNA that brings info (from genetic code) from nucleus to rest of cell
mRNA

25. In transcription; the RNA is _______ to DNA
complementary

26. Cell uses a mRNA to code to make proteins
translation

27. Genes contain instructions to make what?
proteins

28. A cell reads instructions in DNA to make a protein
Gene expression

29. What type of cell has transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm
eukaryotes

30. Most mutations have ______ effect on an organism
No (none)

31. Human females produce egg cells that have _________ chromosome
One X

32. How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype46

33. Sex-linked genes are located on what chromosome/s
X and Y

34. The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
nondisjunction

35. This contains genes vital for normal development (no baby has been born without it)
X chromosome

36. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, some gametes may have this
Extra copies of genes

37. Project is an attempt to sequence the DNA of every human gene
Human Genome

38. More than 40% of ______ coded for in the human genome are similar to those found in other organisms
proteins

39. 64 codons & 20 amino acids = Several different codons can specify the same ___________

40. This leads to bigger and stronger plants compared to diploid plants
Polyploidy

41. Who (2) suggested that Earth is millions of years old
Hutton and Lyell

42. Who (2) suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred
Hutton and Lyell

43. Who stated traits are “use or disuse”
Lamarck

44. Who stated that human populations would be kept in check by events like war, starvation and disease
Thomas Malthus

45. What type of selection does a farmer use when breeding the best livestock
artificial

46. What is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
fitness

47. What happens to an individual who's variations are best suited to environmental conditions
Survives/lives

48. If organisms share a # of inherited characteristics, they most likely have a common _______
Descent

49. What type of structures are formed by having similar patterns of embryological development in diff. but related organisms
homologous

50. Sexual reproduction, lateral gene transfer, and mutations are three sources of _________ __________
Genetic variation

51. The members of the same _______ are defined as being able to mate and produce offspring
species

52. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population’s _____ _______
Gene pool

53. Natural section acts directly on ____________
phenotypes

54. The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often illustrated as
Bell-shaped curve

55. Based on the classification naming system the 2nd name refers to its ________
species

56. analysis that focuses on the order in which derived characters appeared in organisms
Cladistic analysis

57. What 2 structures in eukaryotic cells contain DNA
Nuclei and mitochondria

58. The evolution of the main eukaryotes
When did the 3 domains of living things diverge? (before what happened)
The evolution of the main eukaryotes

59. What do all organisms use to pass on information
DNA

60. A trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants
Derived character

61. Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of _________ _________
Common ancestry

62. The grouping of organisms based on their common decent is called?
Evolutionary classification

63. 51 and #s 65 plus