1. Sources of Conflict in the Organization

2. Unfair treatment of workers
Unfair dismissal
Discrimination

3. Health related issues The need for protective clothing
Poor ventilation
Harmful fumes from chemicals

4. Wages and fringe benefits
Nonpayment of allowances
Underpayment

5. Conflict Resolution Strategies & Methods to gain upper-hand in periods of conflict

6. Trade Union
If you are being underpaid and is working in a poor condition, your trade union, if your join one, will lobby on your behalf.

7. Trade Union
Trade union is an organization with members who are usually workers or employees.

8. Trade Union
It looks after their interests at work by doing things like:
negotiating agreements with employers on pay and conditions
discussing big changes like large scale redundancy
discussing members’ concerns with employers
going with members to disciplinary and grievance meetings

9. Types of Trade Union and Employment Associations
Craft Unions – Unions in which all members, irrespective of the industry, and follow the same occupation work or practice same craft. E.g Designers
Industrial Unions – Union in which all members are employed in the same industry. E.g Oil or bauxite
General unions – members are of many trades and employed in

10. Types of Trade Union and Employment Associations
Staff Unions – members are all white collar workers (clerks and office staff)
Employers’ Association – unions organized by industry E.g. Jamaica Teachers’ Association

11. Grievance Procedure
A grievance is a complaint of a worker.  A worker will have a complaint when:
he is treated unfairly. (e.g. cases of discrimination)
his health or safety is threatened  (e.g. chemicals and dust at work etc)
there is a violation of the collective agreement or work rules. (e.g. if employers have not abided by the agreement between management and the trade union.)

12. Grievance Procedure
The grievance procedure is a set of steps which employees can use to solve any grievance that may arise.
STEP 1  -   The employee discusses the complaint with his or her supervisor.  If the complaint is not satisfactorily dealt with by the supervisor the employee may take the matter further.
STEP 2  -   The employee will discuss the matter with the head of department.

13. Grievance Procedure
STEP 3  -   The employee, along with the union delegate, will discuss the matter with top management. This is called negotiation.
STEP 4 -    If the grievance still exists, the union official will seek conciliation or mediation from the Ministry of Labour or any independent body, i.e. the friendly intervention of these bodies into the dispute for the purpose of adjusting the differences. Mediator find wasy to continue the negotiation process

14. Grievance Procedure
STEP 5 -   The matter is sent to arbitration, i.e. before the court where the judge will make the final decision.  Therefore both parties; employer and employee must accept the judge’s decision.

15. Grievance Procedure
The grievance procedure is a set of steps which employees can use to solve any grievance that may arise.
STEP 1  -   The employee discusses the complaint with his or her supervisor.  If the complaint is not satisfactorily dealt with by the supervisor the employee may take the matter further.
STEP 2  -   The employee will discuss the matter with the head of department.

16. Conflict Resolution Strategies
Negotiation - The employee, along with the union delegate, will discuss the matter with top management of the firm
Mediation – A neutral third party, that is agreeable to both the union an employers, attempts to find ways to continue the negation process. E.g. The Ministry of Labour
Arbitration – The matter is dealt with at the arbitration court. The judge makes the final decision that both parties must adhere to.

17. Methods of gaining upper-hand during periods of conflict
Once negotiations breakdown, the trade union may encourage its members to take industrial actions. Industrial action is a method of putting pressure on the employers, by negatively affecting the level of production, productivity and profitability of the firm

18. Industrial Actions by Employers
Lock outs
Scab labour
Union busting

19. Industrial Actions by Employees
Go Slow
Overtime ban
Work-to-rule
Picketing
Sick out
Strike action

20. Terms Scabs - Workers who go to their work in defiance of a legitimate
Wild cat strike – Strike without the trade union’s permission

21. Question
What is strike action seen as the last alternative? Give full details