1. Prefix System of Nomenclature
Molecular Compounds
Covalent bonding
Formula represents the number of atoms of each element in a single molecule
Prefix System of Nomenclature
Prefix
Number
Prefix
Number
mono- 1
hexa- 6
di- 2
hepta- 7
tri- 3
octa- 8
tetra- 4
nona- 9
penta- 5
deca- 10
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2. Examples
dinitrogen monoxide Tetraphosphorus decoxide carbon dioxide carbon monoxide N O 2 P O 4 10 C O 2 C O
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3. Organic Compounds
Any covalently bonded compound containing carbon, with the exception of carbonate, bicarbonate, and oxides
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4. Hydrocarbons Composed of only carbon and hydrogen
Saturated contain only single bonds
( )
Unsaturated contain double ( ) and triple ( ) carbon-carbon bonds
Very reactive because of double and triple bonds
ALKANE
ALKENE
ALKYNE
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5. Organic Nomenclature Formula Alkane CnH2n+2 CH4 methane meth- 1 hex- 6
Prefix
Number of C atoms (n)
Prefix
Number of C atoms (n)
meth- 1
hex- 6
eth- 2
hept- 7
prop- 3
oct- 8
but- 4
non- 9
pent- 5
dec- 10
CH4
methane
Formula
Alkane
CnH2n+2
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6. H C C H C H Formula Alkene CnH2n Examples: 3 8 9 20 Example: 4 8
propane
nonane
CnH2n+2 H C C H 3 8 9 20
Formula
Alkene
CnH2n
Example:
butene C H 4 8
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7. C H Formula Alkyne CnH2n-2 Example: 2 2 ethyne
Episode 602