1. Overview of Cellular Respiration

2. Crude Oil must be refined into a usable form, such as gasoline.
The same is true for the energy sources in our cells.

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What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds
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4. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
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What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
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6. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP
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7. What is the Process Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H2O
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How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
ATPase
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How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous process occurs.
Another Enzyme is used!
ATP Synthetase
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The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP Synthetase
ATP-ase
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11. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals
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12. Cellular Respiration
Converts energy stored in macromolecules (glucose) into a usable form of energy (ATP)
Enzyme-driven process
Oxygen required for part of the process

13. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H ATP’s
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14. Mitochondria Cell structure involved with cellular respiration.
“Powerhouse” of the cell

15. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis – converts light energy to chemical energy (sugar)
Cellular Respiration – converts chemical energy (sugar) to usable energy (ATP)
Can an organism do photosynthesis without cellular respiration?

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Cellular Respiration
Overall Cellular respiration is an “aerobic” process
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17. Where does the oxygen come from?
O2 from the air is collected in the lungs and transferred to the blood.
The circulatory system delivers this blood to every cell in your body.
Blood also carries away byproducts of cellular respiration
Ex. CO2

18. What happens when the oxygen is used up?
Oxygen supplies can be used up quickly through…
Bursts of intense energy usage.
Ex. Sprinting
Extended exercise with little rest
Limited blood flow
Do muscles stop working when the oxygen is used up?

19. Anaerobic Energy Conversion
Energy production that does not require oxygen
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Occurs in cytoplasm of cells (no mitochondria)
Produces only 2 ATP
Produces Lactic Acid
Done by animals and some bacteria

20. Muscle Fatigue
Build up of lactic acid in muscles results in the feeling of fatigue
Blood flow removes lactic acid from muscle cells (goes to the liver)
Efficient circulatory systems remove lactic acid faster
This is one reason for conditioning before competitions

21. Ethanol Fermentation Anaerobic energy conversion in Yeast
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Occurs in cytoplasm of cells
Produces only 2 ATP
Produces Ethanol and CO2

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