1. Fig. 1 Differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into MDMi cells induces a microglial gene expression and functional phenotype.
Differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into MDMi cells induces a microglial gene expression and functional phenotype. Human peripheral blood monocytes from young, healthy subjects were incubated with cytokines and differentiated into monocyte-derived microglia-like (MDMi) cells. (A) The cell type–specific enriched gene expression for MDMi cells, ex vivo human microglia (HuMG), ex vivo murine microglia (P60MG), and human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived microglia (ESC/iPSC)–derived microglia (pMGL) were compared. (B) Four genes defined as being microglia-specific in mice were significantly up-regulated in MDMi cells (TGFβR1: ****P < ; PROS1: ***P = ; C1QB: ***P = ; P2RX7: **P = ) at day 10 of differentiation compared to freshly isolated monocytes and MDM cells from the same five individuals. Gene expression was quantified using RNA sequencing and expressed as fragments per kilobase of transcript per million (FPKM). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test. (C) P2RY12 and TMEM119 proteins were more highly expressed in MDMi cells compared to monocytes. (D) MDMi cells functionally mimicked human microglia in response to conditions that led to either an M1 or M2 phenotype. Under M1 conditions, MDMi cells expressed significantly more interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA (**P < 0.01) compared to MDM cells from the same individuals. Student’s t test, n = 14. For (B) and (D), each dot represents a biological replicate. Horizontal line denotes the mean. DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.
Katie J. Ryan et al., Sci Transl Med 2017;9:eaai7635
Published by AAAS