1. Genetic Egineering Isolation Cutting Ligation and Insertion
Transformation
Expression

2. Isolation of 1. a specific gene from donor e. g
Isolation of 1. a specific gene from donor e.g. gene for insulin from human 2. plasmid from a bacterial cell

3. Cutting Restriction enzymes act as molecular scissors and
cut DNA at specific sites called
restriction sites
Leaving sticky ends
(Complimentary unmatched base sequences
Restriction site
Restriction ezymes

4. DNA Ligase
Ligation –rejoining cut fragments of DNA and forming artificial recombinant molecules

5. Ligation and Insertion

6. Recombinant DNA introduced into bacterial cell
4. Transformation
Recombinant DNA introduced into bacterial cell
Know this term
Bacterial chromosome
Bacterial cell
Recombinant DNA

7. 5. Expression Bacterial cell reproduces by Binary Fisson
Bacterial cell produces the polypeptide/protein
Coded for by the donor DNA e.g. insulin
Universality of genetic code
Plasmid will produce the polypeptide coded for by the donor DNA

8. Now have a transgenic organism
A genetically modified organsim
CONCERNS
Effects on health
“escape” of the transferred gene esp in plants.

9. Homework Questions 1. What are the 5 stages in genetic engineering?
2. What do restriction enzymes do?
3. What does DNA ligase do?
4. What is the technical term for the plasmid with DNA from two species?
5. Transformation means that you put recombinant DNA where?
6. Making many bacteria from one is called ?
7. Getting the cloned bacteria to make your product is called ?

10. DNA profiling

11. Cut DNA using restriction enzymes
Extract DNA
Cut DNA using restriction enzymes
Separate fragments using gel electrophoresis
Compare band patterns from different sources