1. Do now activity
What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?
What is the difference between a carnivore and an omnivore?
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
If there is 100% energy at the first trophic level, how much energy will the fifth trophic level receive?

2. Section 8-4: carbon cycle
Essential Question:
How is carbon cycled throughout an ecosystem?
Learning Target
Create a flow map that demonstrates the movement of carbon through an ecosystem.
Section 8-4: carbon cycle

3. announcements Biology Tutoring this week: Lunch B (Tuesday & Thursday)
7:00AM (Monday – Friday)
After school Biology Tutoring: Tuesday
Section 7 Quiz Retakes are available until Friday.
Pre-lab due Thursday!

4. announcements Available Extra Credit: Tissue Box = 2 Points
Starburst Original Jellybeans = 1 Class Pass
Stauffer’s Original Animal Crackers = 2 Class Passes

5. 1) These notes will be taken on a. white sheet of paper
1) These notes will be taken on a white sheet of paper! 2) No chunking is needed. 3) You still need 3 questions.

6. Biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it!
Cycles of matter
cyclins
Biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it!

7. Matter passes from one organism to another.
Cycles of matter
cyclins
Matter passes from one organism to another.

8. Cycles of matter Four main biogeochemical cycles:
The water (H2O) cycle
The carbon (C) cycle
The nitrogen (N) cycle
The Phosphorus (P) cycle
cyclins

9. The water cycle

10. The water cycle Evaporation – H2O changes from liquid to a gas
Transpiration – H2O that is released from plants (stomata)

11. Condensation: H2O vapor turns into a liquid
The water cycle
Condensation: H2O vapor turns into a liquid

12. Precipitation – H2O changes from gas to a liquid (rain, snow)
The water cycle
Precipitation – H2O changes from gas to a liquid (rain, snow)

13. The nitrogen cycle Atmosphere is 78% N2 (gas)
N2 (gas) -> bacteria in soil (nitrogen fixation) -> plants (proteins) -> food chain -> denitrification -> N2 (gas)
Nitrogen fixation: when bacteria in soil changes N2 (gas) into materials found in soil
Plants use the nitrogen in soil
Nitrogen passes from one organism to the next through the food chain
Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers and denitrification converts nitrogen into a gas
Denitrification: when nitrates are converted into N2 (gas) by bacteria

14. Bacteria has to change N2 (gas) into nitrate so plants can use it
The nitrogen cycle
Bacteria has to change N2 (gas) into
nitrate so plants can use it
N2 (gas) -> bacteria in soil (nitrogen fixation) -> plants (proteins) -> food chain -> denitrification -> N2 (gas)
Nitrogen fixation: when bacteria in soil changes N2 (gas) into materials found in soil
Plants use the nitrogen in soil
Nitrogen passes from one organism to the next through the food chain
Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers and denitrification converts nitrogen into a gas
Denitrification: when nitrates are converted into N2 (gas) by bacteria

15. The nitrogen cycle When dead organisms, urine, & feces are broken
down by decomposers it causes denitrification
N2 (gas) -> bacteria in soil (nitrogen fixation) -> plants (proteins) -> food chain -> denitrification -> N2 (gas)
Nitrogen fixation: when bacteria in soil changes N2 (gas) into materials found in soil
Plants use the nitrogen in soil
Nitrogen passes from one organism to the next through the food chain
Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers and denitrification converts nitrogen into a gas
Denitrification: when nitrates are converted into N2 (gas) by bacteria

16. Phosphorus is necessary for organisms (ATP/DNA/RNA)
The phosphorus cycle
Phosphorus is necessary for organisms (ATP/DNA/RNA)
Phosphorus is necessary for organisms
DNA & RNA
ATP
Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment.
Not in the atmosphere
Plants absorb phosphorus from soil
Phosphorus then moves through the food web
Dead plants and animals decompose, the phosphorus goes back into the soil.

17. Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment.
The phosphorus cycle
Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment.
Phosphorus is necessary for organisms
DNA & RNA
ATP
Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment.
Not in the atmosphere
Plants absorb phosphorus from soil
Phosphorus then moves through the food web
Dead plants and animals decompose, the phosphorus goes back into the soil.

18. The carbon cycle

19. Carbon Dioxide Production:
The carbon cycle
Carbon Dioxide Production:
Cellular respiration
Decomposers
Human influence (fossil fuels)

20. The carbon cycle
Carbon Dioxide Usage:
Photosynthesis!

21. The carbon cycle

22. For more information, these cycles can be found in your book:
The nutrient cycles
For more information, these cycles can be found in your book:
Water (H2O): Page 75
Carbon (C): Page 77
Nitrogen (N): Page 78
Phosphorous (P): Page: 79