1. Transcendentalism

2. What does it mean?
Philosophy of Transcendentalism a reference to that which is within the human mind
The innate ability within all people to fulfill their potential, to overcome adversity, to face challenges directly
Listening to the inner voice, the Transcendentalist, at one with God and Nature, grows into an independent, self-reliant individual – no need for affirmation outside of him or herself

3. Foundation
American Transcendentalism began as a combination of Unitarian theology (God is “one” rather than a “trinity, etc.) and German philosophy in the mid-1800s
Industrial Revolution bringing rapid change
New materialism a distraction (what about now?)
Being a good citizen meant following laws that were not always moral or right (ex. Fugitive Slave Laws returning escaped slaves to their owners), Transc. rebelled
Transcendentalists like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau spoke out against such injustice
They were viewed as radical non-conformists

4. Transcendentalist Values
Individuality above social acceptance
Creativity above financial prosperity
The Divine exists in Nature
Man is above the traditional deity of organized religion
Organized religion inspires fear and disapproval of self and others
Personal vision and truth above external reality
Experiential education over rote memorization and drill found in public schools

5. Influential Unhappy with social and political developments of the day
Developed and honed a powerful political voice (forerunner of Environmental movement, Civil Rights movement, women’s rights, peaceful protest to end war, etc.)
Helped define the spirit of American-- individualism and independence

6. Reference
Literary Touchstone Classics edition of Transcendentalism: Essential Essays of Emerson &Thoreau, Prestwick House.