1. Conquest and Colonies
Chapter 16 Section 2

2. Encomienda System

3.   Cruelty of the Spanish Encomienda System on a Sugar Plantation, Santo Domingo

4. Hernan Cortes
Conquistador who led an expedition to Mexico that ended in the conquest of the Aztec Empire

6. Moctezuma II
Cortes was able to use Native Americans that resented the Aztecs to conquer their empire
Guns, horses and disease also helped the Spanish

7. Aztec Empire conquered by Cortes

8. Francisco Pizarro
10 years after Cortes captured the Aztec Empire he went after the Incan Empire because of their wealth

9. Peru Small pox had weakened the Incan Empire
Atahualpa was the new ruler after a civil war and Pizarro demanded he accept Christianity and turn all his empire over to the Spanish

10. Atahualpa gives Pizarro a huge fortune of gold and silver
Spanish army killed him and went south to the Incan capital at Cuzco
They took over the empire

11. Life in the Spanish Empire
Spain had control of a huge empire in the Americas
Viceroys-officials chosen by the Spanish king to rule large areas in the Americas

12. Economy 1. Mining of gold and silver
2. Farming with Native American workers
Native American Populations dropped from 50 million to 4 million
Bartolome de Las Casas-replace labor with imported Africans

13. The Portuguese in Brazil
Not as large as the Spanish Empire
Why????-Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 with Spain
Imaginary line drawn in the Atlantic and everything to the west went to Spain and the east went to Portugal

14. French colonies in America
Set up their colonies in New France or what is now Canada
Didn’t find gold like the Spanish but found fish and furs
Didn’t send many colonists

15. French and Native Americans
French did not enslave them
French and Native American’s traded with each other
French traders married Native American women

16. Samuel de Champlain
Rene-Robert La Salle
Founded the city of Quebec in 1608
Sailed down the Mississippi River in 1682
Claimed the fertile land for France and named it Louisiana

18. Dutch Colonization

19. The Dutch Settled along the Hudson River in New York
Founded the city of New Amsterdam which later became New York City
Settlement remained small because the Dutch were focused on their other settlement

20. English Colonies
Jamestown 1607
Plymouth 1620