1. Transmission and Reflection

2. Reflection off a Fixed End
When the wave reflects off a fixed end, it is inverted.
A crest becomes a trough and a trough becomes a crest.

4. Reflection off an Open End
When the wave reflects off an open end, it is not inverted.
A crest stays a crest and a trough stays a trough.

6. Transmission from a Slow to a Fast Medium
The transmitted pulse is not inverted.
The reflected pulse is not inverted.

8. Transmission from a Fast Medium to a Slow Medium
The transmitted pulse is not inverted.
The reflected pulse is inverted.