1. Chapter 10 Overview Key Ideas Vocabulary
Atoms of a single element which differ in mass are called isotopes
Radioactivity
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Isotope
Radioactive decay
Parent nucleus
Daughter nucleus
Alpha particle (α)
Beta particle (β)
Gamma ray (γ)
Half-life
Decay series
The atoms of some elements are radioactive which means that they undergo radioactive decay
There are three basic types of radioactive decay
The rate of decay of a radioactive sample is predictable and is described by the half-life of the radioactive isotope

2. Chapter 10 Overview Key Ideas Vocabulary
Atoms of a single element which differ in mass are called isotopes
Radioactivity
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Isotope
Radioactive decay
Parent nucleus
Daughter nucleus
Alpha particle (α)
Beta particle (β)
Gamma ray (γ)
Half-life
Decay series
The atoms of some elements are radioactive which means that they undergo radioactive decay
There are three basic types of radioactive decay
The rate of decay of a radioactive sample is predictable and is described by the half-life of the radioactive isotope

3. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Gases will conduct a small electric current when high voltage is applied to low density gas
The direction of deflection will indicate the charge of the beam. The beam displayed particle like properties

4. Atomic Model
(1897)
Further experiments correctly identified the particle like behaviour of the rays from the CRT as electrons.

5. X-rays are produced in this case when elections hit the metal plate.
The energy due to the motion of the electron
is converted into electromagnetic radiation

6. Frequency and energy are inversely proportional to wavelength.
Long wavelength = low frequency and energy
Short wavelength = high frequency and energy

7. Some elements will naturally give off radiation
Pierre and Marie Curie concluded that this radiation came from the core of atoms.
Marie named the natural emission of radiation from the core of an atom as radioactivity.

8. Early Atomic Models

9. .

10. Rutherford’s Experiment
Expected
Unexpected
Some particles are deflected, some are reflected, and some pass straight through

11. Atomic Model
Rutherford confirmed that atoms had a nucleus. The nucleus is the dense core of the atom.

12. Why does the nucleus of an
Atom not fly apart?

13. Atomic Model
There had to be a force holding the nucleus together so that the positively charged protons would not repel each other.
Eventually the neutron was discovered along with the strong nuclear force.

14. Atomic Notation N Z A

15. Isotopes Stable Radioactive
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which differ in mass.
The number of protons remains the same, the number of neutrons is different between different isotopes
Recall from chemistry that electrons give an atom its chemical properties. Isotopes share chemical properties but can have different physical properties.

16. Isotopes of Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a special case. We do not use standard isotope naming conventions such as Hydrogen-1 or Hydrogen-2.
Instead we assign common names to the different isotopes.

18. Chapter 10 Overview Key Ideas Vocabulary
Atoms of a single element which differ in mass are called isotopes
Radioactivity
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Isotope
Radioactive decay
Parent nucleus
Daughter nucleus
Alpha particle (α)
Beta particle (β)
Gamma ray (γ)
Half-life
Decay series
The atoms of some elements are radioactive which means that they undergo radioactive decay
There are three basic types of radioactive decay
The rate of decay of a radioactive sample is predictable and is described by the half-life of the radioactive isotope