1. EUROPEAN CONFLICT; THE DUTCH
English Civil War
Civil War was in part:
Religious (Anglican vs. Puritan)
Political (King vs. Parliament)
Oliver Cromwell (Puritan defender of Parliament) ends the civil war and creates a Commonwealth
Not much better than the monarchy!

2. EUROPEAN CONFLICT; THE DUTCH
English Civil War
Glorious Revolution brings William and Mary to the throne, but under SPECIFIC CONDITIONS:
Religious Toleration – Church of England reestablished but with Puritan toleration
Bill of Rights – decreases monarch power and increases Parliaments power

3. EUROPEAN CONFLICT; THE DUTCH
Dutch Independence
Reasons for independence:
Conversion to Protestantism
Resentment of Spanish taxes
Growth as an economic power
The northern provinces of the Netherlands wrested their autonomy from Spain and became a dominant commercial power.

4. EUROPEAN CONFLICT; THE DUTCH
Dutch Independence (cont.)
The United Provinces of the Free Netherlands and particularly the province of Holland favored commercial interests, craftsmen, and manufacturing enterprises, and Amsterdam became a center of finance and shipping.

5. EUROPEAN CONFLICT; THE DUTCH
Results/Importance of Dutch Independence
Established as a commercial power by becoming a trading nation with a decentralized government (republic) which stressed the following:
Each province could pursue its own economic interests
Investment – joint stock companies
Banking and loans

6. EUROPEAN CONFLICT; THE DUTCH
Results/Importance of Dutch Independence
Common traits between the English/Dutch:
Strong Economies
Strong Navies
Urban Societies
Less Religious Persecution
More open-minded (intellectually)